Following the shocks of recent years, fiscal expansion has helped preserve robust economic growth but has also pushed up Togo's public debt and contributed to vulnerabilities in the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU). Further, despite the fiscal expansion, Togo's progress towards...

The Country Opinion Survey in Togo assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how stakeholders in Togo perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and...

The present report is based on data collected through an in-depth literature review on the six targeted countries as well as individual interviews with a total of 147 key off-grids solar (OGS) stakeholders across these countries, including (i) institutional players, comprising government and...

Background The use of health care services by the most vulnerable households in low-and middle-income countries is a major challenge. This includes ensuring access to health services and protecting households from the financial risks of unaffordable medical care. In 2008, Togo put in place a...

This brief examines two reforms, enacted between 2012 and 2014, that lifted previous restrictions to women's rights in Togo. Specifically, these limitations prevented women from choosing where to live, from getting a job without their husband's permission, and from being named head of household...

The traditional linear economic model, characterized by extraction, production, consumption, and waste disposal, has increasingly exposed its limitations, particularly in the depletion of natural resources and the acceleration of global warming, which are critical global issues. These challenges...

An IMF team conducted a Climate Public Investment Management Assessment (C-PIMA) in Togo. The analysis identified emerging good practices for an effective management of public investment from a climate perspective, but also identified weaknesses throughout the public investment cycle that affect...

Following a series of shocks in recent years, Togo continues to face persistent challenges to food security and terrorist attacks, while broader development needs remain acute. Fiscal expansion implemented in response to the shocks has helped preserve robust economic growth but has also pushed...

Background The occurrence of health shocks affects households economically in various ways. It most often leads to missed work, thus inducing a decrease in productivity and a loss of income. These effects are even more significant if the extent of absenteeism is high or if its duration is long....

Growth has been resilient to the shocks of recent years, but Togo is facing elevated food insecurity and terrorist attacks while development needs remain acute. Fiscal deficits and debt have increased, reversing the debt reduction achieved during the 2017-20 ECF-arrangement, eroding fiscal space...

Au Togo, les disparités entre les sexes se manifestent dans de nombreux domaines dimensions. L'inégalité commence dès l’enfance, lorsque les filles sont désavantagés dans l’accès à l’éducation en raison de la prévalence Normes sociales et rôles de genre. Il se poursuit dans...

Using data from the FinScop survey (2016), this study aims to analyse the effect of mobile money on multidimensional energy poverty (MEPI) in Burkina Faso and Togo. MEPI was calculated using the method of Alkire and Foster in 2011, and a linear regression based on the instrumental variable...

Extremist activities and violence in the centres of conflict in the Sahel (i.e. Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger) are moving south towards the four countries of interest of this paper (Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Senegal and Togo). At the time of writing, all except Ghana have experienced direct jihadist...

The adoption of improved technologies in agriculture has been shown to improve incomes, reduce poverty and contribute to rural development in many developing nations. In Togo, the Agricultural Sector Support Project (PASA) assists smallholder farmers in the adoption of the Improved Technology in...

Entrepreneurs, especially in developing economies, rely on peers for advice and managerial knowledge. While a growing body of work shows that introducing entrepreneurs to new peers outside their immediate neighborhood and social circles improves performance, these results are seemingly at odds...

Togo was able to effectively reach the urban informal sector with a fully digital social assistance program, Novissi. The denser telecommunications and financial networks found in cities better facilitated the fully digital program but may not have insured inclusion in all cases. Having timely...

This case study, jointly authored by the Government of Togo and the World Bank, documents the innovative features of the NOVISSI program and posits some directions for the way forward. The study examines how Togo leveraged artificial intelligence and machine learning methods to prioritize the...

Floods portray a severe problem in the riverine areas of West Africa while more frequent and intense heavy precipitation events are projected under climatic change scenarios. Already, floods cause manifold impacts, leaving the population to cope with the financial impacts of floods through their...

Good quality jobs are key to accelerating poverty reduction and enhancing social cohesion in Togo. Following a decade of significant progress in reducing poverty, the COVID-19 pandemic and of Russia's invasion of Ukraine are likely to have reversed some of these gains in living standards,...

Since the onset of COVID-19 in 2020, Togo's economy has shown signs of resilience in the face of shocks but efforts to reduce poverty were frustrated and fiscal space depleted. Togo was able to avoid a recession in 2020, with real GDP growth recorded at 2 percent, before rebounding rapidly to...

Good quality jobs are key to accelerating poverty reduction and strengthening social cohesion in Togo. While Togo has made significant progress in creating more good quality jobs, with robust growth performance in the past decade, several jobs-related challenges remain. Togo's labor market is...

Gender gaps in Togo cut across many dimensions. Inequality starts in childhood, when girls are disadvantaged in access to schooling because of prevalent social norms and gender roles. It continues into adolescence, when a larger share of girls starts dropping out of school, unable to continue...

Extremist activities and violence in the centres of conflict in the Sahel (i.e. Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger) are moving south towards the four countries of interest of this paper (Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Senegal and Togo). At the time of writing, all except Ghana have experienced direct jihadist...

Climate shocks are one of the most decried threats to farmers, especially in developing countries where agriculture remains largely dependent on rainfall. Reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has been shown to be an effective solution. Unfortunately, this solution is struggling to...

This paper proposes an inflation forecasting model for Togo through a simple autoregressive (AR) model. Using data on inflation measured by the annual percentage change in the consumer price index (CPI), ranging from 1967 to 2019, we find that a simple AR(1)model can help forecasting inflation...

Highlights• Togo in west Africa experiences air pollution levels damaging to human health• Mitigation assessment evaluates emission reductions from Togo’s climate plans• Ten priority mitigation measures could reduce Togo’s greenhouse gas emissions by 20% by 2030• Simultaneously,...

The objective of this paper is to analyze the effect of formal education level on food security status at the individual level in Togo. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations' Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) measure is the basis of the analysis. Using the Chi-square...

Mali, Burkina Faso, Togo and Benin are experiencing rapid urban growth, supported by strong demographic growth. Between 2018 and 2030, the cities in these four countries are expected to have an extra 17 million inhabitants. By 2030, the populations of Ouagadougou and Bamako are expected to...

Among the numerous problems that are facing cotton farmers, climate change is one of the most important still out of their control. Adaptation appears to be one of the best alternatives. The objective of this research is to assess the impact of climate change on cotton production in the Savannah...

Since 2014, the Agricultural Sector Support Project (PASA) has been assisting smallholder farmers in Togo with the adoption of Improved Traditional Poultry Farming Technique (ITPFT) in rural areas for wealth creation, food security and poverty alleviation. This paper focuses on comparing the...

The consequences of smoking are disastrous and supported by smokers and non-smokers. Tobacco control policies in Togo seem to have no significant effect. Thus, for more effectiveness in tobacco control policies, it would be appropriate to identify the determinants of the demand for tobacco...