Background: Public providers in Jordan are facing increasing health demands due to human crises. This study aimed to benchmark the unit costs of hospital services in public providers in Jordan to provide insights into the outlook for public health care costs. Methods: The unit costs of hospital...

Background: Public providers in Jordan are facing increasing health demands due to human crises. This study aimed to benchmark the unit costs of hospital services in public providers in Jordan to provide insights into the outlook for public health care costs. Methods: The unit costs of hospital...

This study investigates hospitals’ dynamic incentives to select patients when hospitals are remunerated according to a prospective payment system of the DRG type. Given that prices typically reflect past average costs, we use a discrete-time dynamic framework. Patients differ in severity...

The paper investigates the relationships between costs and user charges in the sewage industry in Norwegian local governments. The purpose of the analysis is to answer the following questions: (i) To what extent is a higher unit cost passed on to consumers in terms of a higher user charge? (ii)...

We consider a production planning problem for a general jobshop producing a number of products and subject to breakdown and repair of machines. The machine capacities are modeled as Markov chains. The objective is to choose the rates of production of the final products and intermediate parts on...

While expanding public investment can help filling infrastructure bottlenecks, scaling up too much and too fast often leads to inefficient outcomes. This paper rationalizes this outcome looking at the association between cost inflation and public investment in a large sample of road construction...

The rising trade in intermediate goods accounts for almost two-thirds of world's trade (MGI, 2019). India's export share for intermediate goods in its total exports has increased from 31.18% in 2011 to 32.52% in 2016. Moreover, India's overall share in world merchandise exports has itself...

This paper is concerned with the optimal production planning in a dynamic stochastic manufacturing system consisting of a single machine that is failure prone and facing a constant demand. The objective is to choose the rate of production over time in order to minimize the long-run average cost...

The rising trade in intermediate goods accounts for almost two-thirds of world’s trade (MGI, 2019). India's export share for intermediate goods in its total exports has increased from 31.18% in 2011 to 32.52% in 2016. Moreover, India's overall share in world merchandise exports has itself...

The construction sector plays a key role in providing structures for economies. This paper surveys the literature on key issues pertaining to the construction sector. It starts by summarizing our knowledge about differences in unit costs across time and space. It then discusses key bottlenecks...

The construction sector plays a key role in providing structures for economies. This paper surveys the literature on key issues pertaining to the construction sector. It starts by summarizing our knowledge about differences in unit costs across time and space. It then discusses key bottlenecks...

In many forward-looking macroeconomic models, such as the New Keynesian model, firms' expectations about the future play a key role in determining outcomes today. We examine this hypothesis using a novel panel dataset on firms actual and expected price changes collected by the Confederation of...

Wie hoch die Marktteilnehmer durch energiepolitische Regulierungen in ihren jeweiligen Ländern belastet sind, wird häufig nur am Vergleich der Energiepreise festgemacht. Die Energiestückkosten sind als Indikator jedoch aussagefähiger, da hier die Energiekosten im Verhältnis zur...

Die Energiestückkosten sind für die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit der Unternehmen ein entscheidender Indikator im Zusammenhang mit der Energiewende. Dabei wurden bislang die indirekten Energiekosten vernachlässigt. Diese gewinnen aber immer mehr an Bedeutung. Die Berechnungsmethode zur Bestimmung der...

The increase in the share of supply from intermittent power sources changes the demand for power from traditional power plants. The power system demands more volume flexibility from traditional plants. Our goal is to better understand the impact of a reduction of flexibility in power supply on...

This study investigates hospitals’ dynamic incentives to select patients when hospitals are remunerated according to a prospective payment system of the DRG type. Given that prices typically reflect past average costs, we use a discrete-time dynamic framework. Patients differ in severity...

This study investigates hospitals' dynamic incentives to select patients when hospitals are remunerated according to a prospective payment system of the DRG type. Given that prices typically reflect past average costs, we use a discrete-time dynamic framework. Patients differ in severity within...

Estimating the necessary costs for the operation of Natura 2000 Network represented a constant concern at the European Union level throughout the years. For Romania, this approach is in an early stage. In this context, the main objective of the present paper targets the estimation of the...

We use Belgian data with information on domestic firm-to-firm sales and foreign trade transactions to study how international trade affects firm efficiency and real wages. The data allow us to accurately construct the domestic production network of the Belgian economy, revealing several new...

We show theoretically that the poor can benefit from price changes induced by higher income inequality. As the number of poor in a society increases, or when the income difference between rich and poor increases, the market for products aimed towards the poor grows and such products become more...

We show theoretically that the poor can benefit from price changes induced by higher income inequality. As the number of poor in a society increases, or when the income difference between rich and poor increases, the market for products aimed towards the poor grows and such products become more...

Rothbard (1993, pp. 638-45) refuted the important economic fallacy that excess capacity is a normal consequence of profit maximizing behavior by businesses in some industries when they are in long-run equilibrium. And, in so doing provided a manifest example of misuse of mathematics in modern...

We calculate social and private cost for the use and production of payment services in Norway for 2007. The calculations include banks', merchants' and households' cost for cash, cards and giro payments. The social cost is calculated to be 0.49 % of GDP, or NOK 11.16 billion. Costs are also...

In this memo, questionnaires for the study: "Costs in the Norwegian payment system" are shown. The study included three surveys, towards Merchants, Households and Banks.

This paper presents an extensive, but non-formalized, critique ofthe concept of the non-accelerating inflation rate of unemployment(NAIRU) and all similar concepts such as the steady-inflation rateof capacity utilization (SIRCU) which are used by mainstream economiststo argue that there is no...

This paper is concerned with the problem of production planning in a stochastic manufacturing system with serial machines that are subject to breakdown and repair. The machine capacities are modeled as Markov chains. Since the number of parts in the internal buffers between any two the problem...

We consider a production planning problem for a dynamic jobshop producing a number of products and subject to breakdown and repair of machines. The machine capacities are assumed to be finite state Markov chains. As the rates of change of the machine states approach infinity, an asymptotic...

Estimating costs in child welfare services is critical as new service models are incorporated into routine practice. This paper describes a unit costing estimation system developed in England (cost calculator) together with a pilot test of its utility in the United States where unit costs are...