How does forced displacement shape development in origin countries? We examine the case of Venezuela, where nearly eight million people have been forcibly displaced. To do this, we compare municipalities with varying shares of foreign-born populations before and after international oil price...

How does forced displacement shape development in origin countries? We examine the case of Venezuela, where nearly eight million people have been forcibly displaced. To do this, we compare municipalities with varying shares of foreign-born populations before and after international oil price...

Am 28. Juli 2024 finden in Venezuela Präsidentschaftswahlen statt, bei denen sich der seit 2013 regierende Staatschef Nicolás Maduro im Amt bestätigen lassen möchte. Mit María Corina Machado ist ihm eine Gegenkandidatin erwachsen, die zwar die Massen mobilisiert, aber nicht antreten darf....

Household consumption or income surveys do not typically cover refugee populations. In the rare cases where refugees are included, inconsistencies between different data sources could interfere with comparable poverty estimates. We test the performance of a recently developed cross-survey...

We study the effects of an unexpected and large migration from Venezuela on Peruvian labor markets. From 2017 to 2019, about 800,000 Venezuelans migrated to Peru, with 84% settling in the Lima metropolitan area. The percentage of Venezuelans in the working age population in Lima increased from...

Household consumption or income surveys do not typically cover refugee populations. In the rare cases where refuges are included, inconsistencies between different data sources could interfere with comparable poverty estimates. We test the performance of a recently developed cross-survey...

Am 28. Juli 2024 finden in Venezuela Präsidentschaftswahlen statt, bei denen sich der seit 2013 regierende Staatschef Nicolás Maduro im Amt bestätigen lassen möchte. Mit María Corina Machado ist ihm eine Gegenkandidatin erwachsen, die zwar die Massen mobilisiert, aber nicht antreten darf....

Este estudio demuestra que, aunque los venezolanos tienen un nivel de educación superior con relación a los peruanos y la mayoría de ellos ha logrado ingresar con éxito al mercado laboral peruano, una gran proporción de ellos trabaja en empleos de baja calidad y experimentan un desajuste de...

Venezuela has suffered three economic catastrophes since independence: one each in the nineteenth, twentieth, and twenty-first centuries. Prominent explanations for this trilogy point to the interaction of class conflict and resource dependence. We turn attention to intra-class conflict, arguing...

This paper uses nighttime light imagery and gridded population datasets to estimate 2000–2020 rural poverty rates for Venezuela at the state and municipality levels. Then, I examine if there has been a significant change in rural poverty during the economic collapse ongoing since 2013–2014....

Discussion of Petróleos de Venezuela S.A. v. MUFG Union Bank, N.A. 51 F.4th 456 (2d Cir. 2022) (PDVSA v. MUFG), and its relation to the U.S. Supreme Court's Act of State doctrine. Paper describes possible application of the doctrine based on its historical application, and possible outcomes of...

Part I and Part II of this series looked at criminal cases in the U.S. and Mexico involving the laundering of proceeds of Venezuelan State corruption, namely corruption in the government procurement of products imported by intermediaries for social programs.One of these cases is related to the...

In Part I of this series, the author discussed two criminal cases pending before U.S. courts: the Housing case and the Food for Venezuela case. Both deal with business transactions involving the proceeds of public corruption tied to the Venezuelan State’s investment in the welfare of its...

Criminal actors linked to Venezuelan State Organized Crime, be they in or outside the country, profit from Venezuela’s ruling system of “inverted rule of law” and impunity. The present article sheds light on international challenges that have arisen while seeking accountability abroad....

Part I of this series analyzed two ongoing criminal cases in the U.S. involving the laundering of proceeds of Venezuelan State corruption. One of them involves kickbacks in Venezuelan government purchases of food products exported from Mexico for a Venezuelan government social program (Food for...

Leading up to the Global Financial Crisis (GFC), the Banco Central de Venezuela (BCV) sought to tamp down inflation by raising its interest rate target and by raising the marginal reserve requirement for banks, which it had introduced in 2006. By late 2008, the GFC began to hit Venezuelan banks...

We use administrative panel data on the universe of Brazilian formal workers to investigate the effects of the Venezuelan crisis on the Brazilian labor market, focusing on the state of Roraima, where the crisis had a direct impact. The results showed that the average monthly wage of Brazilians...

This paper analyzes the entire business registry of Colombia during 2015 to 2022, a period when Colombia received two million Venezuelan immigrants and refugees. We present two main findings. First, firms owned by foreigners, most of them Venezuelans, tend to be 10 to 20 percent more capitalized...

In a notorious, internationally known context of widespread public corruption in Venezuela, the justice systems of foreign states are expected to respond effectively when their territory is used to launder money gained from corrupt practices in Venezuelan territory. In the first part of a series...

This paper uses nighttime lights imagery and gridded population datasets to estimate 2000-2020 rural poverty rates for Venezuela at the state and municipality levels. Then, I examine if there has been a significant change in rural poverty during the economic collapse ongoing since 2013-2014. The...

The global increase in refugee flows and anti-migrant politics has made it increasingly urgent to understand how migration translates into anti-migrant sentiment. We study the mass exodus of Venezuelans across Latin America, which coincided with an unprecedented decrease in migrant sentiment in...

This paper uses nighttime lights imagery and gridded population datasets to estimate 2000-2020 rural poverty rates for Venezuela at the state and municipality levels. Then, I examine if there has been a significant change in rural poverty during the economic collapse ongoing since 2013-2014. The...

Mit der gemeinsamen Ankündigung, erneut Friedensgespräche aufnehmen zu wollen, haben der neue Präsident Kolumbiens und die zweitgrößte Guerilla-Gruppe des Landes, die ELN, ein klares politisches Signal gesetzt. Die Befriedung der ELN (Ejército de Liberación Nacional) soll unter der Ägide...

I estimate the effect of the Venezuelan exodus on the Colombian labor market. The economic and social crisis in Venezuela triggered one of the most important migratory exoduses in recent decades: more than 4 million Venezuelans left their country and close to 1.8 million arrived in Colombia. I...

Purpose - This paper analyses the possibility of Latin America's (LA) major economies adopting dollarization, considering that in the last decade macroeconomic instability has once again challenged the ability of certain economies to properly manage their own currency....

This paper shows that providing undocumented immigrants with an immigration pardon, or amnesty, increases their economic activity in the form of higher entrepreneurship. Using administrative census data linked to the complete formal business registry, we study a 2018 policy shift in Colombia...

This paper estimates the impact of immigrant influxes on local labor markets, taking advantage of a natural experiment generated by a massive wave of forced migration of Venezuelans to Roraima, Brazil. Estimates indicate that a 1 percentage point increase in the share of migrants in the state...

As more and more Venezuelans leave their country, fleeing the economic and social crisis, the number of Venezuelans in Brazil has risen steadily since 2016, constituting about 18.6 percent of Brazil's 1.4 million refugee and migrant population as of October 2020. Past research finds that the...