What are the economic returns to education in Australia? Using data from the 2018- 2022 waves of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia survey, and taking account of existing estimates of ability bias and social returns to schooling, I estimate the economic return to various...

We study how new digital technology reshapes vocational training and skill acquisition and its impact on workers’ careers. We construct a novel database of legally binding training curricula and changes therein, spanning the near universe of vocational training in Germany over five decades,...

What are the economic returns to education in Australia? Using data from the 2018-2022 waves of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia survey, and taking account of existing estimates of ability bias and social returns to schooling, I estimate the economic return to various...

Irregular migration from West Africa to Europe across the Sahara and Mediterranean is extremely risky for migrants and a key policy concern. A cluster-randomized experiment with 3,641 young men from 391 settlements in The Gambia is used to test three approaches to reducing risky migration:...

Based on a randomized controlled trial conducted on extremely poor youths in Nepal, we report the impact of a vocational training program that offered long-duration training combined with incentives for trainers tied to trainees' success. Furthermore, to mimic the practices in the field, a...

The study aims to analyze the modalities of vocational training in rural areas in order to identify systematic contents that are relevant to define the perception of the general role of continuing vocational training in the economic and social development of rural areas, the functions of...

Teacher education and development in the Philippines face serious challenges, including underperforming teacher education institutions (TEIs), inadequate and often misguided professional development systems, and an unclear career progression track. A particular concern grows with the...

We study the long-term effects of a randomized intervention targeting children's socio-emotional skills. The classroom-based intervention for primary school children has positive impacts that persist for over a decade. Treated children become more likely to complete academic high school and...

In international comparison, dual systems of vocational education and training are often considered to be more successful than school-based systems for managing sustainable transitions from school to work. This assessment is particularly valid for Switzerland, while the German dual system has...

Skills development through quality apprenticeships can help young people make a successful transition from school to adulthood with sustainable, satisfying and rewarding employment. But even in Switzerland, which has a very strong standardized apprenticeship system with a good reputation, there...

This paper investigates the responses of technical and vocational education and training (TVET) institutions in South-East Asia to the demands of industry's digital transformation in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0). TVET institutions play a crucial role in bridging the...

Identifying sensitive periods in which the returns to investments into skills are especially high is challenging, but crucial for an effective and efficient timing of parental or public investments aimed at fostering children’s skills. We can detect sensitive periods with a novel design by...

Angesichts der weitreichenden Auswirkungen des demografischen Wandels auf den Arbeitsmarkt steht die Politik inzwischen vor der grundlegenden Herausforderung, ihre unterschiedlichen Ziele und Maßnahmen stets auch unter dem Gesichtspunkt der allgemeinen Arbeitskräfteverknappung zu betrachten....

Teaching quality is deemed one of the foundations of student achievement and institutional performance. With this, linking in-service training (INSET) and teacher professional development (TPD), to student outcomes has been at the forefront of education research. Our inquiry revolves on how to...

We examine how gender shapes managers' decisions regarding on-the-job training using a discrete choice experiment embedded in a representative survey of German firms. While previous research has focused on employees' demand for it, we make a contribution by studying firms' supply of training. In...

Artificial intelligence (AI) is the next general-purpose technology reshaping labour markets, jobs and skills. A lack of representative data makes it difficult to map AI use and its impact on jobs. This policy brief presents the first results of Cedefop's 2024 AI skills survey. The survey shows...

In the time covered by this programming document, the European Labour Authority (ELA) will enter the sixth year of its existence. During 2025-2027, ELA will be active in all areas under its remit and will deepen its activities, using the full financial and human resources at its disposal, with...

In the time covered by this programming document, the European Labour Authority (ELA) will enter the sixth year of its existence. During 2025-2027, ELA will be active in all areas under its remit and will deepen its activities, using the full financial and human resources at its disposal, with...

This is the second year for implementation of our current strategy statement 2024-2028. Our vision, chemical safety through science, collaboration and knowledge, has informed the actions presented here and will continue to guide us as we deliver our strategy over the next four years. At the core...

This annual work programme covers the first year of the programming period 2025-2027. Its structure mirrors the architecture of the EMCDDA Strategy 2025, featuring elements that reflect the EUDA Regulation as explained in Section II. The financial resources required for the work programme will...

Training and skills enable fishers to be more efficient, resilient, sustainable and work safer. This is important for one of the world's most dangerous professions. It is also important in making the profession more attractive in the EU at a time when generational renewal is a major concern. It...

Just as there is no single way to create the perfect dish, there is no one-size-fits-all approach to achieving vocational excellence. The journey to becoming a Centre of Vocational Excellence (CoVE) is shaped by a unique blend of institutional ambition, national policy, and local needs, much...

Vocational education and training (VET) systems are a vital driver of the European twin transition. It is challenging for VET learners to keep up with the increasing demands of digital economies and societies. This policy brief uses Cedefop's second European Skills and Jobs Survey (ESJS2) to...

This publication, the fourth in a series of practical Cedefop skills anticipation guides, was developed in collaboration with UNESCO-UNEVOC. It focuses on skills intelligence and VET for the green transition. The guide highlights the value of sound skills intelligence and smart governance in...

This policy brief highlights the need to transform adult skills development by expanding beyond traditional continuing vocational education and training (CVET) to include workplaces and digital environments supported by frameworks that connect formal, non-formal and informal learning pathways....

The European Competence Framework for Quantum Technologies (CFQT) is a taxonomy of the possible knowledge and skills needed in Quantum Technologies (QT). It describes the QT-specific com¬petences and qualifications necessary for involvement in the QT industry. In addition, 'classical'...

This short description of vocational education and training (VET) in Poland provides an insight into its distinctive features and highlights developments in and challenges for the system. In Poland VET is ofered at upper secondary, post-secondary and higher vocational levels for young people and...

The European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training (Cedefop) is an EU Agency dedicated to supporting vocational education and training (VET), skills and qualifications policies across the EU. Established in 1975 and based in Thessaloniki, Greece, Cedefop helps shape policies that...

In this catalogue, you will find an overview of all available modules - covering foundation, core, advanced, and specialised areas. The curriculum covers the full area of asylum and reception topics, from legal procedures and inclusion criteria to vulnerability, reception conditions, country of...

This study examines how the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) scholarships effectively target the poor while achieving its internal and external efficiency outcomes. It defined "poor" in two ways: (1) individuals with income below USD 3 per day, based on the World Bank...

This study explores the conceptualization and operationalization of middle skills within the Philippine context, examining how various institutions define and implement middle-skills training. It also assesses the alignment of these training programs with workforce demands, particularly in...

Context: Soft skills or critical core skills (CCS), e.g., communication, problem solving, etc, have been recognized by both individuals and organizations as important but at shortage in the labour market. Within this context, the development of CCS for the employees becomes more and more...

Purpose: Since 2000, the Philippines has experienced significant growth domestic product (GDP) growth, particularly in the Information Technology Business Process Outsourcing (IT-BPO) sector, highlighting the need for skill development through Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET)....

Context: Financial literacy is an issue becoming increasingly important internationally. Many countries have already implemented a national strategy to improve the financial literacy of the people. In Austria, a national strategy for financial literacy and financial education was developed in...

Context: For many years, dual training programmes have been transferred from German speaking countries to other countries. It has been repeatedly pointed out that this transfer is made particularly difficult by the need for co-operation between numerous different stakeholders. Despite various...

Context: Vocational teachers' professional work builds on both vocational and teaching competence, requiring vocational teachers to balance multiple identities in their professional practice. As a professional group coming to education from different vocational disciplines, vocational teachers...

Context: The importance of the involved stakeholders and their networks in vocational education and training (VET) focussing on international transfer and cooperation is highlighted in various empirical studies. A systematic empirical survey of these by means of social network analysis, however,...

This is the main body of the Work Programme. It describes what the agency aims to deliver through its operational and corporate activities during the year 2025 towards achieving its strategy and expected results. A total of eight operational activities and three corporate activities have been...