This short description of vocational education and training (VET) in Poland provides an insight into its distinctive features and highlights developments in and challenges for the system. In Poland VET is ofered at upper secondary, post-secondary and higher vocational levels for young people and...

The European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training (Cedefop) is an EU Agency dedicated to supporting vocational education and training (VET), skills and qualifications policies across the EU. Established in 1975 and based in Thessaloniki, Greece, Cedefop helps shape policies that...

This study explores the conceptualization and operationalization of middle skills within the Philippine context, examining how various institutions define and implement middle-skills training. It also assesses the alignment of these training programs with workforce demands, particularly in...

Context: Soft skills or critical core skills (CCS), e.g., communication, problem solving, etc, have been recognized by both individuals and organizations as important but at shortage in the labour market. Within this context, the development of CCS for the employees becomes more and more...

Purpose: Since 2000, the Philippines has experienced significant growth domestic product (GDP) growth, particularly in the Information Technology Business Process Outsourcing (IT-BPO) sector, highlighting the need for skill development through Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET)....

Context: Financial literacy is an issue becoming increasingly important internationally. Many countries have already implemented a national strategy to improve the financial literacy of the people. In Austria, a national strategy for financial literacy and financial education was developed in...

This paper examines the role of vocational education and training (VET) in innovation by comparing the VET workforce's participation in innovation with that of university graduates, such as scientists and engineers. Using individual-level data from the German manufacturing sector, we distinguish...

This paper provides an overview of the policies and tools employed by EU Member States to ensure the comparability and recognition of VET qualifications. It explores the role of existing EU transparency tools, the methods used by national authorities and stakeholders to compare and recognise VET...

This innovative study breaks new territory in two key areas: it puts VET centre stage as a key intervention to support NEETs and presents the first mixed-methods research effort to collect and analyse evidence on the profile and role of NEETs teachers in Greece. It fills a significant knowledge...

The purpose of this working paper is to examine the use of gendered language and socio-pragmatic strategies which appear in the Greek Ministry of Education's promotional VET material encouraging young people to take up an IVET course. It is related to Cedefop's research on the Future of VET...

This paper examines the individual innovation contributions of the vocational education and training (VET) workforce compared to university graduates such as scientists and engineers. For this purpose, individual-level data from the German manufacturing sector are used, distinguishing between...

his study explores how elements of the German dual system can inspire improvements in the Dutch vocational education and training (VET) system, aiming to address key challenges and meet the ambitions of Dutch VET stakeholders. Skilled VET graduates are crucial to meet workforce demands in...

Context: Accompanying learners in their increasingly self-directed learning is an important goal in the field of vocational education and training. With digitalisation, the traditional role of the teacher, characterized in terms of an arbiter and transmitter of knowledge, is in crisis. Besides...

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to discuss the potential contribution of cross-border vocational education and training (VET) exchange partnerships within the context of tandem exchanges between VET institutions in the Rhine-Waal Euregio region in the Netherlands and Germany. These tandem...

Context: The importance of both self-regulated and self-directed learners has been emphasised in lifelong learning. However, in theory, self-regulated learning (SRL) serves as a basis for becoming a self-directed learner. Therefore, SRL (which includes certain skills) needs to be developed in...

Context: The German vocational training and education (VET) system is designed to cope with change. Within this system, organizational VET trainers (OVETT) are the main persons of reference for apprentices in the organization, in most cases for the whole three-year training period. Whether...

Vocational education and training (VET) plays a key role in Denmark's strategy for lifelong learning, alongside addressing the challenges of globalisation and technological change. Danish education and training consist of a mainstream system and a system of adult education and training that...

This report presents the findings from the first (micro) phase of the thematic country review (TCR) on upskilling pathways (UP) in Croatia. It captures the perspectives of both the beneficiaries of the initiatives under review and the stake-holders involved in their implementation. The TCR on UP...

Context: This study uses a social space approach to investigate Virtual Reality (VR)-based workplace learning in the context of apprenticeship training in the electronics industry in Switzerland. It was one part of a project which developed a prototype VR environment that enables apprentices to...

Context: Unlike education policy for general education, technical and vocational education and training (TVET) policy often focuses on societal needs, ignoring the attitudes and subsequent behaviors of learners. As a result, the impact of TVET policies is not what was expected and sometimes even...

Purpose: In the evolving landscape of the 21st century, characterized by dynamic global challenges such as health crises, climate change, and rapid technological advancements, the imperative of lifelong learning has become more pronounced than ever. Self-Regulated Learning (SRL) plays a pivotal...

This policy brief produced by Cedefop presents a snapshot of vocational education and training (VET) policy developments in Portugal between 2020 and the end of 2024. It presents the context and the challenges the country faces, a selection of the latest VET-related statistics, as well as the...

This VET policy brief produced by Cedefop presents a snapshot of vocational education and training policy developments in Slovenia between 2020 and the end of 2024. It presents the context and the challenges the country faces, a selection of the latest VET-related statistics, as well as the...

This VET policy brief produced by Cedefop presents a snapshot of vocational education and training policy developments in Spain between 2020 and the end of 2024. It presents the context and the challenges the country faces, a selection of the latest VET-related statistics, as well as the...

This VET policy brief produced by Cedefop presents a snapshot of vocational education and training policy developments in Sweden between 2020 and the end of 2024. It presents the context and the challenges the country faces, a selection of the latest VET-related statistics, as well as the...

This policy brief produced by Cedefop presents a snapshot of vocational education and training (VET) policy developments in Greece between 2020 and the end of 2024. It presents the context and the challenges the country faces, a selection of the latest VET-related statistics, as well as the...

This VET policy brief produced by Cedefop presents a snapshot of vocational education and training policy developments in Ireland between 2020 and the end of 2024. It presents the context and the challenges the country faces, and a selection of the latest VET-related statistics. At the time of...

This VET policy brief produced by Cedefop presents a snapshot of vocational education and training policy developments in Lithuania between 2020 and the end of 2024. It presents the context and the challenges the country faces, a selection of the latest VET-related statistics, as well as the...

This VET policy brief produced by Cedefop presents a snapshot of vocational education and training policy developments in Austria between 2020 and the end of 2024 (2). It presents the context and the challenges the country faces, a selection of the latest VET-related statistics, as well as the...

This policy brief produced by Cedefop presents a snapshot of vocational education and training (VET) policy developments in Flanders, Belgium, between 2020 and the end of 2024. It presents the context and the challenges the country faces, a selection of the latest VET-related statistics as well...

This VET policy brief produced by Cedefop presents a snapshot of vocational education and training (VET) policy developments for the French speaking part of Belgium, between 2020 and the end of 2024. It presents the context and the challenges the country faces, a selection of the latest...

This policy brief produced by Cedefop presents a snapshot of vocational education and training policy developments in Croatia between 2020 and the end of 2024. It presents the context and the challenges the country faces, a selection of the latest VET-related statistics, as well as the national...

This VET policy brief produced by Cedefop presents a snapshot of vocational education and training policy developments in Cyprus between 2020 and the end of 2024. It presents the context and the challenges the country faces, a selection of the latest VET-related statistics, as well as the...

This policy brief produced by Cedefop presents a snapshot of vocational education and training (VET) policy developments in [country] between 2020 and the end of 2024. It presents the context and the challenges the country faces, a selection of the latest VET-related statistics as well as the...

This VET policy brief produced by Cedefop presents a snapshot of vocational education and training policy developments in Germany between 2020 and the end of 2024. It presents the context and the challenges the country faces, a selection of the latest VET-related statistics as well as the...

This policy brief produced by Cedefop presents a snapshot of vocational education and training (VET) policy developments in Hungary between 2020 and the end of 2024. It presents the context and the challenges the country faces, a selection of the latest VET-related statistics, as well as the...

This VET policy brief produced by Cedefop presents a snapshot of vocational education and training policy developments in Iceland between 2020 and the end of 2024. It presents the context and the challenges the country faces, a selection of the latest VET-related statistics, as well as the...

This policy brief produced by Cedefop presents a snapshot of vocational education and training (VET) policy developments in Italy between 2020 and the end of 2024. It presents the context and the challenges the country faces, a selection of the latest VET-related statistics as well as the...

This VET policy brief produced by Cedefop presents a snapshot of vocational education and training policy developments in Luxembourg between 2020 and the end of 2024. It presents the context and the challenges the country faces, a selection of the latest VET-related statistics, as well as the...

This VET policy brief produced by Cedefop presents a snapshot of vocational education and training policy developments in the Netherlands between 2020 and the end of 2024. It presents the context and the challenges the country faces, a selection of the latest VET-related statistics, as well as...

This VET policy brief produced by Cedefop presents a snapshot of vocational education and training policy developments in Norway between 2020 and the end of 2024. It presents the context and the challenges the country faces, a selection of the latest VET-related statistics, as well as the...