The modern digital public sphere requires effective content moderation systems that balance the interests of states, technology companies, and the public. This article examines how two pieces of legislation establish regulatory intermediaries in an attempt to strike this balance: the EU's...

Trusted flaggers have long played a role in content moderation: a bilateral, voluntary affair between online platforms and individuals or organisations that are afforded prioritised access to the content moderation process. Due to their expertise, they are trusted to 'flag' illegal or harmful...

On October 4, 2021, all services provided by Meta Platforms, Inc. (then Facebook, Inc.) became unavailable unexpectedly for all its worldwide users for a period of about six hours. We use detailed high‐frequency tracking data from smartphones, tablets and desktop computers of thousands of Meta...

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) face substantial barriers in accessing reliable and cost-effective IT infrastructure, primarily due to economic constraints and limited technical resources. Hybrid cloud computing solutions, including infrastructure as a service (IaaS), platform as a...

Online platforms have transformed how we live. This has raised concerns around how such platforms impact citizens' constitutionally-protected rights and freedoms, such as the freedom of expression and information, right to privacy, and protection from discrimination. To hold online platforms to...

The European Central Bank (ECB) acknowledges that the use of cloud services offers various benefits to supervised entities. Compared to internal information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure, cloud services are cost efficient, scalable, secure due to providers using cutting-edge...

The Digital Services Act (DSA) is a new EU legislative act aimed at creating a safe and trusted online environment that guarantees users' access to legal and safe content, goods and services online, and safeguards their fundamental rights.

The rapid development of technology and the digital economy has enabled every individual as a consumer to share their opinions with other users through reviews. Online reviews, as an integral part of the digital economy, are among the key factors that influence consumer behavior and purchase...

Background: The freight forwarding industry is undergoing digital transformation through the implementation of online platforms designed to enhance operational efficiency and transparency. Despite these benefits, the adoption of these platforms has been slower than anticipated due to customer...

The rapid development of technology and the digital economy has enabled every individual as a consumer to share their opinions with other users through reviews. Online reviews, as an integral part of the digital economy, are among the key factors that influence consumer behavior and purchase...

Pornographic websites represent a significant component of the digital ecosystem; however, comparatively limited research has been conducted on this subject in comparison to other websites. This paper aims to gather and enrich the extant literature on the subject. For this purpose, a...

Copyright infringement remains a significant challenge for rightsholders in the European Union. The complexity of this issue has increased with technological advancements, necessitating a deeper understanding of piracy mechanisms to develop efficient countermeasures. The first analysis by the...

By introducing the concept of high-reach AI, this paper focuses on AI systems whose widespread use may generate significant risks for both individuals and societies. While some of those risks have been recognised under the AI Act, we analyse the rules laid down by the Digital Services Act (DSA)...

The implementation of traffic differentiation measures by internet service providers (ISPs) has raised concerns regarding net neutrality, potentially leading to discriminatory practices that challenge existing regulatory frameworks. The complexity of this issue intensifies with the advent of 5G...

This paper examines how platform companies seek to lobby and otherwise influence policymakers during heated regulatory episodes. While there has been some valuable recent work on different policy influence strategies deployed by platform firms, in particular the emerging use of "user-facing"...

Online delivery of one-to-one services offers potential cost savings and increased convenience, yet relatively little is known about its impacts on providers and consumers. This paper studies the online delivery of healthcare, focusing on primary care doctor consultations. We use novel data from...

Online delivery of one-to-one services offers potential cost savings and increased convenience, yet relatively little is known about its impacts on providers and consumers. This paper studies the online delivery of healthcare, focusing on primary care doctor consultations. We use novel data from...

Working for labour platforms is still relatively rare, but the generally poor working conditions and the impact on the world of work are the subject of much debate. Although data are scarce, there is a general consensus that migrants are overrepresented in this type of work. Platforms may well...

Are you curious about how the EU protects you online? The new rules introduced in the Digital Services Act (DSA) aim to create a fairer and safer online world. These rules address issues such as cyberbullying, illegal content, the simplification of terms and conditions, and many others. This...

Are you curious about how the EU protects you online? The new rules introduced in the Digital Services Act (DSA) aim to create a fairer and safer online world. These rules address issues such as cyberbullying, illegal content, the simplification of terms and conditions, and many others. This...

Die Digitalisierung der Verwaltung kommt in Deutschland nicht voran; im europäischen Vergleich befindet sich das Land im E-Government weiter im unteren Mittelfeld. Im Umsetzungsstand für digitale öffentliche Dienste der EU kam Deutschland 2022 nur auf Rang 18 der 27 Mitgliedsländer. Das...

Promoting internet access equity has become a high priority in many developed and developing countries, where the digitalization of the economy and expansion of telehealth have tied internet access to social and health equity. While substantial funds are spent on subsidizing broadband, little is...

The aim of this research is to examine the effects of online service level where have not been made by adopting the formative approach. Two main online dimensions i.e. pre-purchase and transaction related services are discussed in the electronics purchase process. Population of this study is the...

Online shoe store, E-commerce is electronic commerce, buying and selling products and services, transmitting budgets and facts over digital networks. These transactions occur from commercial enterprise to enterprise, business to a buyer, purchaser to a customer, and the client to commercial...

As digitization sweeps across industries and markets, analytics and data-driven decision-making (DDD) are becoming increasingly important. The adoption of analytics and DDD has been slower in small-to-medium enterprises (SMEs) compared to large firms, and reliable causal estimates of the impacts...

The Digital Services Act tries to split rulemaking and interpretation in content moderation. It mostly leaves providers’ rulemaking discretion intact but constrains the way providers can subsequently use their own policies against individuals. Providers must disclose a broad set of rules...

Major SAAS (Software-as-a-service) Notification management services currently available in the industry have limited business capability of modification of rules and triggers. Also, cconsiderable turnaround time in releasing new features prevents connecting e-Commerce platforms from being agile....

Die Umgestaltung der Stromnetze im Zuge der Energiewende erfordert den Ausbau lokaler und regionaler Netze sowie die Digitalisierung von Prozessen, basierend auf Daten, um erneuerbare Energien zu integrieren und den Anschluss von Verbrauchern wie Elektrofahrzeugen und Wärmepumpen zu...