This paper investigates the retirement response to the pandemic and to the resulting acceleration in the adoption of new technologies. Using the European Union Statistics of Income and Living Conditions datasets and leveraging the natural experiment of many workers being forced to work from home...

Hospitals were among the wealthiest organizations in medieval cities. Their directors managed portfolios consisting of real estate and financial instruments; as a result, they also handled large quantities of money. It has been suggested that they used these to provide a variety of financial...

The total wealth of Britain's households in 2018 to 2020 was approximately £2.2 trillion less than was previously believed - a 14% reduction. That, at least, is the implication of a recent change in methodology made by the Office for National Statistics (ONS) to the UK's leading official...

In many countries, the regulations governing pension systems, hiring procedures, and job contracts differ between the public and private sectors. Public sector employees tend to have longer tenures and higher wages compared to workers in the private sector. As such, social security reforms can...

The Social Security "full retirement age" (FRA) is the age at which retirement income benefits are available without reduction for early commencement. Presently, that age is 67 for those born in 1960 or later. This paper is about the unfair and unnecessary threat to reduce Social Security...

Do older workers change their labor supply in response to unexpected housing wealth losses (or gains)? Housing wealth is the largest component in most older Americans' portfolios, and they may seek to recoup losses by working longer to help smooth consumption in retirement. Despite its...

In this report, we consider policies to help people appropriately manage their defined contribution (DC) pension wealth through later life. We draw on evidence in a report published alongside this one (Boileau, Cribb and Emmerson, 2025), which sets out key information on the landscape in which...

This report is one of two reports on the management of pension wealth in retirement conducted as part of the Pensions Review, led by the Institute for Fiscal Studies in partnership with the abrdn Financial Fairness Trust. In this report, we examine the decisions that older individuals face as...

The Chinese government announced the pilot of public long-term care insurance (LTCI) policy in 2016. While most studies focus on LTCI's effects on labor supply and retirement behavior, its effect on retirement intentions, which offer certain advantages over actual behavior, remains unclear. This...

This report examines the state of pension and social insurance systems globally, focusing on old-age income protection. It analyzes expenditure, coverage, adequacy of benefits, and sustainability of both contributory and non-contributory pension schemes. The report highlights the impact of...

This study examined the relationships between financial literacy, financial product ownership, confidence in financial advisers, and confidence in retirement readiness across Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. By using data from the Flash Eurobarometer 525 survey (March 2022) and applying...

This paper introduces an innovative sell-type home reversion product aimed at monetizing Singapore's public flats, serving as a new alternative to the existing Singapore Lease Buyback Scheme (LBS). This new product not only retains the LBS's guaranteed period of residence in the property along...

We study the interaction of education in adolescence and labor force participation around retirement age and its effect on cognitive abilities for individuals in Europe. Besides a direct long-run effect of education, indirect ones may arise, specifically through labor force participation. We...

Little is known about the extent and drivers of information flow within couples and whether spouses hold aligned expectations about the same outcomes. To provide new evidence, we conduct an online survey of 2,200 middle-aged married couples in the U.S. Our focus is on expectations about Social...

This study addressed the research question of how overspending is related to retirement preparation. A commonsense answer to this question is this: overspending should negatively impact retirement preparation. However, the existing body of knowledge does not provide evidence to support or deny...

Using two data sets (a Prudential Financial Wellness Survey and the Health and Retirement Study), this study demonstrates that although there is generally a natural upward trend for older (age 50+) Americans to progressively delay their expected retirement age, this trend has no statistically...

Using the 2021 National Financial Capability Study (NFCS), this study examines the association between gender-based participation in employer-sponsored retirement plans and financial literacy. It also decomposes the association between gender-based participation in employer-sponsored retirement...

Retirement intentions depend on a number of different factors. The aim of this paper is to assess the impact of personal characteristics on the willingness to retire as soon as possible among older workers in Poland. The data were collected through a CAWI survey conducted in 2021 among a...

This paper examines how individuals respond financially to severe health shocks by analyzing early withdrawals from retirement savings following the initiation of cancer treatment (chemotherapy). Using comprehensive administrative data from Australia that link health, tax, and demographic...

Erreichen gesetzlich Rentenversicherte 35 oder 45 Jahre an anrechenbaren Zeiten, dürfen diese Personen ab einem Alter von 63 Jahren oder maximal zwei Jahre vor ihrer individuellen Regelaltersgrenze vorzeitig, das heißt früher als zu ihrer individuellen Regelaltersgrenze, ihre Altersrente...

We study how public pensions impact lifecycle labor supply decisions. Our analysis centers on pension eligibility rules in Ecuador. We first use administrative data to document and unpack retirement spikes at eligibility ages. Next, we use survey data and regression discontinuity to investigate...

The primary policy response to population ageing in advanced economies has been to raise the mandatory retirement age. However, these policies have reignited calls for differentiated retirement ages that take into account variations in work intensity. This paper utilises microdata to examine the...

Raising the retirement age is a common policy response when social security schemes face fiscal pressures. We develop and estimate a dynamic life cycle model to study optimal retirement and tax policy when individuals face health shocks and income risk and make endogenous retirement decisions....