A bi-directional relationship between poverty and mental health may create a vicious cycle, wherein economic hardship and psychological distress reinforce each other. We examine the short-term dynamics between income fluctuations and mental well-being using 17 months of weekly financial diaries...

This report examines child deprivation in Ireland. It focuses on children who experience deprivation but are not classified as at-risk-of-poverty (AROP). As a result, they fall outside the official consistent poverty measure, which is a combined measure of AROP and deprivation. The report uses...

This paper explores informality in a high income country among women who, at least legally, can take on formal jobs. Specifically, we examine the determinants of paid domestic work in Israel through the lens of existing theoretical frameworks of informality. Using rich administrative data, we...

Background Poverty remains a key barrier to accessing essential maternal health services, particularly in low- and middle-income countries like Malawi. Despite the recognised importance of antenatal care (ANC) in ensuring healthy pregnancies as well as improving maternal and child health...

Background Out-of-pocket payment remains one of the ways to finance health care in Ethiopia accounting 31%. These out-of-pocket health expense leads citizens' face catastrophic and impoverishing expenditure. The most recent survey-based study of catastrophic and impoverishing health expenditure...

Theoretical analysis, empirical development and case studies show that room to manoeuvre stabilising macroeconomic policies during the COVID-19 crisis in the years 2020 and 2021 were fundamentally different in the Global South and Global North. The latter used extensive discretionary fiscal and...

Zambia is simultaneously amongst the poorest and the most unequal countries in the world. In 2022, 64.3 percent of the population - about 12.6 million individuals - was living on less than US$2.15 a day. This level is not only the 6th highest in the world but it is also misaligned with the...

Panamá ha sido uno de los países de más rápido crecimiento en la región, con una rápida expansión económica acompañada de una importante reducción de la pobreza. Impulsada por la inversión pública y privada, así como por la acumulación de mano de obra, la economía panameña...

Viet Nam is widely regarded as a success story for its impressive economic growth and poverty reduction in the last few decades. Yet, recent evidence indicates that the country's economic growth has not been uniform. Compiling and analyzing new, extensive province-level data from the Vietnam...

Esta Evaluación de la Pobreza y la Equidad en México revisa la evidencia sobre la pobreza y la equidad en México durante las últimas dos décadas, la compara con la experiencia internacional comparable e identifica un conjunto de áreas críticas de intervención política para responder a...

The Middle East and North Africa faces significant climate challenges, such as increasing temperatures, heightened flood risks, frequent droughts, and growing air pollution issues. These challenges are compounded by the large proportion of the population living below the poverty line in some...

This paper aims to understand the health effects of energy poverty in Germany using SOEP panel data from 2010 to 2020. Linear probability models and fixed effects ordered logit models reveal a consistently negative relationship of three expenditures based energy poverty indicators with general...

This paper asks whether Denmark's large-scale intervention in disadvantaged public-housing neighbourhoods on the "Ghetto List" in 2010 altered the trajectories of the neighbourhoods and improved economic outcomes of pre-existing residents through infrastructural improvements and social...

This paper aims to reassess multidimensional poverty measurement including the ease of doing business as an additional indicator with the existing measurements for 81 countries by human development, and identify how multidimensional poverty has changed during a very short period from 2014 to...

The role of tourism in reducing inequalities has been studied and investigated in the literature. However, the specific effect of tourism investments on decreasing income inequalities, particularly given its capacity to alleviate poverty, has been little studied. Moreover, while existing...

This paper assumes two kinds of social planners who evaluate income distributions concerning social welfare, economic inequality and poverty. The first kind of social planner, SPε , comprises averters to income inequality as measured by the normative parameter ε. The second kind of social...

The paper discusses the growing interest in using social protection to address climate-related vulnerabilities and strengthen resilience, particularly in conflict-affected settings. It examines the Productive Safety Net Programme in Ethiopia, highlighting that while social assistance offers a...

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of poverty trends among older people in the Philippines, using various data sources. It analyzes both monetary and multidimensional measures of poverty, as well as income sources, expenditure patterns, asset ownership, and living arrangements among...

Recent improvements in survey methodologies have increased measured consumption in many low- and lower-middle-income countries that now collect a more comprehensive measure of household consumption. Faced with such methodological changes, countries have frequently revised upward their national...

Countries frequently revise how they measure income or consumption due to changes in data collection and questionnaire design. These changes create comparability breaks in poverty trends over time. This paper develops three methods to create global, regional, and country-level poverty trends...

The June 2025 update to the Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP) introduces several important changes to the data underlying the global poverty estimates. The most important change is the adoption of the 2021 Purchasing Power Parities (PPPs). In addition, new data for India has been...

Poverty is a multidimensional phenomenon where individuals or households lack the resources to meet basic needs and fully participate in society. While it encompasses non-monetary dimensions such as social exclusion and inadequate access to essential services, it is often assessed through a...

This report attempts to provide a snapshot of the living standards of the population from multidimensional poverty perspectives and assess the progress made between 2009 and 2019. Given the outdated official monetary poverty data in the 2012/13 Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES),...

Son preference, or desire by parents for male offspring, is a common gender bias that obstructs policy efforts towards the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals on gender equality. The gendered nature of well-being calls for a multidimensional approach. Popular measures are often...

Summer energy poverty (SEPOV) is an urgent and growing issue in Europe as climate change raises temperatures and makes extreme heat waves a regular occurrence. Heat brings signifi-cant public health, economic, and social challenges, particularly for vulnerable groups like low-income households,...

The Fund for European Aid to the Most Deprived (FEAD) addresses the most severe forms of poverty in the EU through food aid, material support and vouchers. It helps EU countries progress towards achieving the EU's 2030 headline target for poverty reduction.

Using an own, newly elaborated functional definition of mobility poverty, this study first estimates mobility poverty in the nine EU outermost regions and assesses its effects on their transport and tourism sectors. It then reviews the Fit for 55 transport-related legislation and analyses its...

Using an own, newly elaborated functional definition of mobility poverty, this study first estimates mobility poverty in the nine EU outermost regions and assesses its effects on their transport and tourism sectors. It then reviews the Fit for 55 transport-related legislation and analyses its...

Monetary policy can have contrasting effects on economic inequality via distinct channels. We examine the effect working via the credit channel, whereby monetary policy induces heterogeneous access to credit for business owners based on their wealth. Using unique data on business loan...

The EU has consistently tackled the challenge of energy poverty (EP) through various legislative and non-legislative measures, particularly in the context of ongoing energy crisis, but it should also support the reduction of income inequality that might accelerate EP. The aim of this study is to...

This study examines how the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) scholarships effectively target the poor while achieving its internal and external efficiency outcomes. It defined "poor" in two ways: (1) individuals with income below USD 3 per day, based on the World Bank...

Poverty has emerged as a significant global issue, impacting both urban and rural areas in developing countries. Its complex and multifaceted nature, encompassing profound economic, social, and psychological implications, has made addressing it even more challenging. Therefore, rural poverty is...

Energy poverty remains a crucial yet often overlooked issue in the energy sector. Tackling this challenge requires a shift to renewable energy sources, which can alleviate energy poverty and advance sustainable development goals. This research explores how renewable energy can help reduce energy...

This handbook chapter provides a synthesis of the literature on armed conflicts, with a special focus on development economics, while covering also other disciplines. The piece starts off with a discussion of the main consequences of conflict before investigating its root causes. First, a series...

This paper analyses the effect of the COVID-19-induced labour market shock on household income, the at-risk-of-poverty (AROP) rate for children in Austria, and the buffering effect of the Austrian tax-benefit system. We apply Paulus & Tasseva’s (2020) decomposition analysis based on EUROMOD...

This paper investigates the role of non-contributory pension schemes in alleviating poverty among the elderly in the European Union. Non-contributory pensions, which are not linked to previous earnings or contributions, are a key element of public pension systems aimed at reducing poverty in old...