Twenty years have passed since the first eastern enlargements of the European Union (EU). This paper assesses the impacts of EU accession on agriculture and rural regions of Central and Eastern European countries and identifies the reasons behind differences in country performance. Results...

This paper uses a rich set of geo-coded administrative and remotely sensed data on more than 1 million agricultural land transactions in Ukraine to explore how informality, size, and recent land reforms affect land prices. Three main findings are highlighted. First, absence of registered rights...

This study investigates the impact of land formalization projects on women's tenure security in Pangani Ward, Coastal Region, Tanzania, while also considering the broader global implications for women's land rights. Despite progressive legislation that guarantees equal land rights for women,...

Postwar land reforms in East Asia were implemented as a geopolitical strategy to curb communism expansion. This paper evaluates their long-term political effects in Japan and Taiwan. In Japan, reform increased support for conservative parties and reduced backing for socialist and communist...

This study seeks to analyze the impact of land reform on the export performance of tobacco, since the cash crop is a major foreign currency earner for Zimbabwe. A gravity model was adopted for the study using secondary panel data from 1992 to 2018. The findings show that 17.2% of the explanatory...

Since the advent of British rule in 1765, the colony of Bengal, once hailed as the most fertile and prosperous region of India, witnessed numerous incidents of food shortages. Apart from the supply and demand side factors are typically associated with a food shortage at an escalated or...

Land institutions and policies will be critical to help African countries respond to the challengesof climate change, urban expansion, structural transformation, and gender equality.Together, they affect urban dwellers' ability to access productive jobs, live in decent housing, andbreathe clean...

This Guidance Note represents a call to action, dedicated to enhancing access to land and unlocking the full potential of land assets for urban and infrastructure development, as well as renewable energy investments. It not only underscores the importance of improving land access but also...

During the last half a century, developing Asia witnessed a spectacular economic transformation, which involved a remarkable increase in GDP, a substantial decrease in poverty and hunger, and improved social indicators. Though export-led manufacturing spearheaded this process, agriculture played...

In this time of rapid climate change and gaping inequality, we face urgent questions about the ability of current property systems to sustain us into the future. But how does property-system change happen? Land reform is difficult to imagine, much less implement, within a physical landscape...

The Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR), in partnership with the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), implemented the project "Convergence on Value Chain Enhancement for Rural Growth and Empowerment" or Project ConVERGE with the goal of empowering Agrarian Reform Beneficiaries...

This article examines the importance of landholdings in explaining income inequality among family farms in four districts in Georgia following the land reform of the 1990s. Income inequality is decomposed by sources of income and by determinants of income. The results indicate that farm income...

How do agricultural productivity gains affect the distribution of agricultural land Exploiting three waves of census data from the Philippines covering 21 years and 17 million plots, this article finds that municipalities endowed with favorable soil and weather conditions for genetically...

How deep are the roots of Latin America's economic inequalities? In this chapter we survey both the history and the literature about the region's extreme economic disparities, focusing on the most recent academic contributions. We begin by documenting the broad patterns of national and...

This chapter explores how East Asian states integrate customary claims to land into statutory land tenure systems. Studies show that state-centered land systems, which connect legal recognition of property rights to state territorial authority, often fragment and subordinate customary possessory...

Given its national and global importance, agriculture in Ukraine is a key sector to consider when assessing both the damages and losses caused by Russia’s attempted invasion and the associated post-war reconstruction needs and challenges. As of September 2022, total war damages and losses for...

Land is a key productive asset for rural households. Property rights play a critical role in determining who can own and access this fundamental resource. More than 70 percent of women across 53 developing countries do not own any land. Customary norms confer disproportionately weaker land...

Gender productivity gaps in agriculture are large around the world, even though women comprise 40-50 percent of the agricultural labor force in developing countries. Gender differences in agricultural productivity can be as high as 66 percent and can cost countries up to USD 105 million...

Although land and associated property is a key part of national wealth and protecting rights to them is a key function of the state, Africa's formal land institutions often still operate on regulations that barely changed since colonial times, undermining public trust and leading to high levels...

The negative impact of climatic order (critical insufficiency of atmospheric precipitation) from 2022, as well as the military conflict in Ukraine, continue to exert extraordinary pressure on the economic efficiency of the agricultural sector of the Republic of Moldova. At the same time, the...

"In just half a century, Taiwan transformed from an agicultural colony into an economic power, spurred by efforts of the authoritarian Republic of China government in land reform, farmers associations, and improved crop varieties. Yet overlooked is how Taiwan brought these practices to the...