EU energy law requires that energy regulators are independent. They must be able to exercise their powers impartially and without interference by public or private entities or any government or other political entities. The independence is required to ensure compliance with EU rules and...

The rental building sector is plagued by the so-called landlord-tenant-dilemma, i.e. that landlords have no direct financial benefit from modernizations for energy efficiency if the tenant pays the energy bill while tenants have no incentives to save energy if the landlord pays. The primary...

Over the past decade, digitalisation has gained significant attention across various European Union (EU) policy areas, particularly in the energy sector. Along with this, digitalisation can contribute to higher energy security and sustainability of the EU energy systems especially by reducing...

In order to realise the energy transition towards a more sustainable, inclusive and just energy market, the traditional model of the electricity market, with big corporations producing electricity and passive consumers at the receiving end, is changing. These changes also require the adaptation...

One of the unavoidable events of the interactions of the forces of trade is disputes and the global energy industry is no exception. The global energy industry arguably has been noted as the most dispute reddened industry in international business. This therefore arose the need for mechanisms to...

One challenge of the EU energy transition is the integration of renewable electricity generation in the distribution system. EU energy law proposes a possible solution by introducing “citizen energy communities” (Directive 2019/944/EU) which may be open for “cross-border participation”....

Introduction / Patrick R Baker, Thomas L Muinzer, Eduardo G Pereira -- The sustainable development goals / Thomas L Muinzer and Colin Mackie -- Climate change and a just energy transition / Thomas L Muinzer, Eduardo G Pereira, Patrick R Baker, and Opeyemi Y Omotuyi -- Human rights, CSR, UNDRIP,...

Der verbraucherzentrierte Strommarkt ist das neue Paradigma in der Strommarktregulierung. Kleine Akteure wie Prosumenten und Energiegemeinschaften werden wichtig und zwingen dazu, die aktuellen Vermarktungswege für Strom auf den Prüfstand zu stellen. Diese Arbeit widmet sich innovativen...

The phasedown of coal for electricity generation is considered vital to meeting global climate targets. Many countries have pledged to stop using coal, with some as early as 2030. While the United States has no target currently in place, several states do. In this paper, we examine the...

Price formation has emerged as one of the most complex and contested areas of U.S. energy law. In the natural gas markets, questions about the integrity of price indices, which serve as key benchmarks for billions of dollars in transactions and investments across the industry, have been the...

Comment with Jessica R. Bell on University of Chicago Law Professor Joshua C. Macey's Zombie Energy Laws law review article on zombie energy laws that undermine incorporation of more clean energy resources into the electricity grid and harm consumers in the process. Zombie energy laws, according...

Angesichts des fortschreitenden Klimawandels ist eine Abkehr von der Nutzung fossiler Brennstoffe unausweichlich. Dies spiegelt sich nicht zuletzt auch in der politischen Entscheidung zum Ausstieg aus der Kohleverstromung in Deutschland wider, welche neben ökologischen Auswirkungen auch soziale...

Trade in energy products between the UK and the EU post-Brexit by Eric White -- The impact of Brexit on EU market access by Silke Goldberg -- The impact of Brexit on EU energy supply security by Silke Goldberg -- UK supply security post-Brexit by Paul Hallas -- Brexit and state aid : the energy...

The fossil fuel industry has filed an increasing number of dormant Commerce Clause lawsuits to overturn actions by coastal states and cities rejecting proposals for new coal and oil export facilities in their jurisdictions. These lawsuits are creating a wholly new “law of energy exports”...

The 2015 International Energy Charter (IEC) is of utmost universal importance as a guiding policy framework to both energy producing countries and consumer states. This article examines the prospects of the Charter and how it can help the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) maximize energy...

This paper assesses the effect of environmental regulations on plant survival and emissions using data on the extent of vintage differentiation of regulations (VDR5) regarding air pollution emission limit values for existing and new coal-fired power plants. Focussing on NOx and SOx emissions,...

Die Kosten der EEG-Umlage sind hoch wie noch nie. Im Jahr 2018 kosteten die Auflagen durch das EEG (Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz) die Stromkunden insgesamt 26,6 Milliarden Euro. Deshalb ist es wichtig, dass die Förderungen für den Ausbau von Stromerzeugungsanlagen erneuerbarer Energien nicht...

In recent years, the federal government's efforts to open up competitive electricity markets have transformed how we think about the regulation of energy. In many respects, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission's (FERC) broad “deregulatory” efforts, which commenced in the 1990s, might...