The Asian Development Bank has adopted internal practices aligned with its commitment to help its members achieve gender equality. This study analyzes panel data on its staff spanning 2000-2022 to understand gender differences in salaries and career paths of its three staff groups. A...

This Country Program Evaluation (CPE) assesses the relevance, effectiveness, and adaptability of the World Bank Group's support to Nepal from FY 2014 through FY23. The evaluation period spans the FY14-18 Country Partnership Strategy and the FY19-24 Country Partnership Framework (CPF). The CPE's...

This evaluation assesses the World Bank Group's contributions to supporting electricity access in Sub-Saharan Africa during 2015-24. Electricity access is an end user's ability to use an energy supply for the desired energy services. As such, electricity access includes both supply and demand...

Fragility, conflict, and violence (FCV) have upended development progress. Overlapping and mutually reinforcing crises, including worsening climate challenges, ideological polarization and extremism, growing economic disparities, and weak governance and corruption, have all exacerbated the...

The 2024 Results and Performance of the World Bank Group report - also known as the RAP- is the fourteenth annual report in the series. The RAP series aggregates and interprets evidence on World Bank Group performance, mainly using IEG's validations of World Bank, International Finance...

Both World Bank shareholders and the Bank’s management have emphasised the need for large-scale private investment to achieve development and climate goals. For the World Bank Group, this means collaborating more closely between its different institutions, an issue that World Bank President...

This paper investigates the role of the New Development Bank (NDB) in challenging global financial hierarchies while fostering an ecological transition. The NDB, established by BRICS, has a mechanism of providing development finance in local currency, which could reduce dependency on core...

The European Investment Bank (EIB) Group (EIBG), comprising the EIB1 and the European Investment Fund (EIF), 2 is committed to the highest possible level of transparency. The EIB has had a policy on access to information since 1997.3 The EIB's commitment to openness is currently enshrined in the...

The European Investment Bank Group is committed to being open and transparent with EU citizens and the wider public. The EIB Group Transparency Policy explains how the EIB Group ensures transparency and engages with stakeholders. It sets out how the Group publishes information proactively and...

Discover how the EIB is shaping a more resilient, sustainable, and inclusive world through its support to countries outside the European Union. The EIB Group Global Impact Report 2024/2025 offers a compelling look into Europe's pivotal role as an anchor of stability and innovation, spotlighting...

The EIB Group Compliance Functions, composed of the EIB and EIF Compliance Functions, regularly adapt their policies, practices and systems in line with the EIB and EIF risk appetite frameworks, market trends, the regulatory landscape and best practice. Compliance is considered throughout the...

The EIB Group (the 'EIBG' or the 'Group'') does not fall within the scope of application of the European Union (EU)'s legislation applicable to credit institutions, in particular the Capital Requirements Directive and Regulation (Directive 2013/36/EU or 'CRD', Regulation 575/2013 or 'CRR', as...

This Country Program Evaluation assesses the performance and effectiveness of the World Bank Group's support to Georgia in achieving the country's development objectives. In the decade leading up to the evaluation period, Georgia pursued economic reforms to attract critical investments for...

This evaluation assesses the relevance and effectiveness of the World Bank Group's support to Tanzania between Fiscal Years 2012 and 2022. Over the past decade, Tanzania has experienced resilient growth, with an average annual per capita GDP increase of 2.2%. However, poverty remains widespread...

The United Nations financing for development process, including the Fourth International Conference on Financing for Development (FfD4) in Seville in 2025, is an important building block to foster global cooperation amid the current geopolitical tensions and multiple crises that have led to...

In 2012, Somalia was considered a failed state characterized by multiple, protracted, and deeply rooted fragility and development challenges. Today, Somalia remains one of the poorest and most fragile countries in the world. The country continues to be affected by ongoing civil conflict, a...

The 2024 Complaints Mechanism Annual Report highlights the key achievements of the European Investment Bank (EIB) Group's accountability mechanism in addressing public concerns related to EIB-financed projects and activities. With 113 cases handled and 80 closed in 2024 - a 33% increase from the...

An intriguing question regarding the relationship between international financial institutions (IFIs) and their Latin American borrowers concerns how and why regime type influences the degree to which the parties are prepared to sign loan agreements. Some scholars highlight a 'democratic...

Project Promissa showed that paper-based promissory notes, used to manage countries' financial commitments to multilateral development banks, can be redesigned using distributed ledger technology to address operational challenges and improve efficiency. Project Promissa explores how to make the...

In Africa, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) face a chronic financing gap that hinders their growth and the continent's economic development. Development Finance Institutions (DFIs) are often seen as a solution to bridge this gap, particularly through indirect support to local banks....

This article presents a literature review of bank non-performing loans (NPLs) research around the world and suggests directions for future research.The study used the thematic and bibliometric literature review methodologies to present a review of the recent NPL literature that have emerged...

The African Development Fund (ADF) is much less active than the World Bank's IDA in Africa. This predominance of the IDA is only found in Africa. In fact, disbursements by other major regional banks exceed those of the World Bank in their respective regions (Central America and the Caribbean,...

Following the Paris Summit for a Global Financial Pact and the United Nations resolution on the adoption of a Multidimensional Vulnerability Index (MVI), multilateral development banks (MDBs) have been called upon to integrate structural vulnerability into the allocation of their concessional...

In July 2024, a new Theme Taxonomy was launched for all IBRD/IDA (the Bank) lending operations and Advisory Services and Analytics (ASA) products, refreshing and building on the Theme Taxonomy structure that was launched in July 2016. Theme codes are aligned with World Bank Group goals and...

Biodiversity is the variety of life at genetic, species, and ecosystems levels. It is essential to sustain human life, food security, crop yields, jobs, livelihoods, and marine productivity. Yet, it is declining at an unprecedented rate as the planet approaches a tipping point that could have...

This document presents three different views of the World Bank Group (WBG) Scorecard: (1) WBG scorecard view presents all data at the WBG level for a set of 51 indicators (8 Vision indicators, 22 Client Context indicators, and 21 WBG Results indicators). It provides an overview of the WBG's...

The Results and Performance of the World Bank Group 2025 (RAP 2025) report presents a two-part review of the lending and non-lending support of the World Bank Group. Part 1 will focus on trends in project- and country-level effectiveness and will be anchored in the Bank Group's Outcomes...

The World Bank Group Annual Report 2025 presents on World Bank Group activities in fiscal 2025. The Annual Report is prepared by the Executive Directors of ICSID, IFC, MIGA, and the World Bank (IBRD/IDA) in accordance with the by-laws of the institutions. The President of the World Bank Group...

The Bank Group launched the 2020-25 Fragility, Conflict, and Violence (FCV) Strategy with the aim of strengthening its engagements and operations in countries affected by fragility, violence, and conflict. The strategy aimed to address the drivers and consequences of FCV and to build resilience,...

MFMod is the World Bank’s work-horse macro-structural economic modeling framework. It exists both as a linked system of 184 country-specific models that can be solved independently or as a larger system (MFMod), and as a series of standalone customized models, known collectively as MFMod...

Sobre la propuesta de una definición de funciones centrales de la banca de desarrollo (financiar proyectos públicos y privados en las áreas económica, social y ambiental identificadas en su visión estratégica; proporcionar financiación a las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas; contribuir...

Blended finance is central to development finance, catalyzing private capital alongside public resources to address global challenges in developing countries. Despite its growing importance, empirical evidence on its ability to leverage private lenders' credit supply remains limited. This paper...

This year's EIB Group Activities in EU Cohesion Regions report focuses on the importance of building inclusive communities. This report analyses the EIB Group's activity in cohesion regions in 2023, with particular emphasis on targeted social investments in key systemic enablers in those...