Following the Paris Agreement, economic development demands energy services while reducing emissions. This study focuses on non-residential natural gas consumption, which plays a crucial role in the energy transition; however, market-based mechanisms are still in the early stages and have not...

To effectively manage natural gas dispatchability, the energy industry needs to precisely analyze the seasonal trends of natural gas production and consumption. However, most predictive models demand data pretreatment and are labor-intensive. To address this, a novel seasonal discrete grey...

The gas price explosion during the 2021/22 European energy crisis prompted a shift from gas- to coal-fired electricity production. Empirical evidence on the environmental and health consequences of such a fuel-price shock - as opposed to policy reforms - is scarce. We fill this gap by...

This activity focused on metallic non-refillable gas cartridges for LPG (UN No. 2037) (gas cartridges) included in Directive 2010/35/EU on transportable pressure equipment (TPED). Gas cartridges were identified by the MSAs as a priority for a targeted compliance and safety investigation. The...

We identify supply and demand shocks to the real price of natural gas in the Euro Area and the United States. Demand shocks are identified using exogenous temperature variations, while supply shocks are identified through a high-frequency strategy based on an extensive collection of...

This Paper analyses the results of the trading data in 2024 for the European traded gas hubs, to give a fuller picture of the recovery after the very turbulent period from 2020 to 2022, where the various hubs now stand and, more importantly, to establish whether the Dutch TTF can now credibly be...

Ziel des Projektes war die Analyse der makroökonomischen Effekte unterschiedlicher Szenarien auf der Grundlage der langfristigen Gaslieferverträge von Österreich mit Russland. Die makroökonomischen Effekte der einzelnen Szenarien wurden mit dem WIFO-Modell ADAGIO (A DynAmic Global Input...

This research models and examines multiple decarbonisation pathways for Europe to 2050, evaluating trade-offs between emissions reductions, costs, and implications for gas demand. Scenarios that front-load decarbonisation to 2040 show prohibitively high marginal abatement costs, while a more...

The European Union’s Methane Emissions Regulation (EU MER), effective from August 2024, introduces a methane intensity standard for fossil fuel imports into the EU. It places new compliance requirements on EU importers and, indirectly, on non-EU producers and exporters, including those...

As decarbonisation efforts accelerate globally, the role of large-scale underground storage for energy and climate-related gases – natural gas, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide – is becoming increasingly important. While the demand for natural gas as a transition fuel is expected to rise at...

Despite the formal absence of sanctions, gas trade between Russia and the EU has effectively collapsed over the past three and a half years. This has been the outcome of several factors: the EU strategy of reducing dependence on Russian gas, Russia's own supply cuts, physical damage to the...

Geopolitics is an overarching characteristic of much of this outlook for the key themes in the global energy economy in 2025. The start of Donald Trump’s second term in the White House will herald new pressures to multiple layers of the global economy, from trade to labour, monetary policy to...

The EU Methane Regulation (MER), effective as of August 4, 2024, introduces new obligations for domestically produced and imported crude oil, natural gas, and coal. While compliance with new import requirements primarily falls on European Union (EU) importers, their ability to meet them hinges...

Aligned with the war in Ukraine, Russia has significantly withheld natural gas exports to Europe since 2021. As there are no EU-wide sanctions on imports of Russian natural gas, the Ukraine transit as well as imports via Turkey and LNG have remained active during 2022-24. However, the...

A robust model for natural gas prices should simultaneously capture the observed prices of both futures and options. While incorporating a seasonal factor in the convenience yield of the spot price effectively replicates forward curves, it proves insufficient for accurately modelling the options...

As the substance of public interest in spatial planning and development remains permanently challenged, the relationship between legitimacy and acceptance is constantly in the focus of discussion. After the wave of interest in participation-intensive communicative legitimation approaches from...

Natural gas is a crucial element of energy supply in Great Britain (GB). The vast majority of GB gas consumption occurs in three main sectors: industry, Local Distribution Zone (residential, commercial, and services), and power generation. While there are strong seasonal patterns of demand...

The long-expected wave of LNG supply is now almost upon us, and is expected to outstrip the rise in demand for LNG. Spot prices, in European and Asian markets, may respond to the overhang of supply by moving to more short-run pricing – as was seen in 2019 and 2020 – and, as a result, prices...

Der Terrorangriff der Hamas vom 7. Oktober 2023 und die darauffolgende israelische Militärintervention im Gaza-Streifen bedeuten auch eine Zäsur für die Beziehungen zwischen Ägypten und Israel. Diese wurden während der Präsidentschaft Abdel Fattah al-Sisis im wirtschaftlichen und...

This paper uses a Bayesian Structural Vector Autoregressive (BSVAR) framework to estimate the pass-through of unexpected gas price supply shocks on HICP inflation in the euro area and its four largest economies. In comparison to oil price shocks, gas price shocks have approximately one-third...

Determining transportation routes is of great importance for advancing China-Russian gas cooperation, which has been hanging in the balance. This paper employs a general equilibrium model to assess the congestion cost of diversified gas transmission schemes between China and Russia on domestic...

This gas-focused edition of the Oxford Energy Forum updates the scorecard on the key issues driving medium to long-term gas demand prospects in key consuming countries. Whether it is European climate policy and the regulation of decarbonized gases, the demand outlook for Asian industrial...

The spread of natural gas in the main international natural gas markets shows characteristics of violent fluctuation, frequent mutation, and periodic evolution, which pose a great challenge to the safety and sustainable development of natural gas in China. First, this paper used the complete...

This paper develops a Bayesian VAR model to identify three structural shocks driving the European gas market: demand, supply and inventory shocks. We document how gas price fluctuations have a heterogeneous pass-through to euro area prices depending on the underlying shock driving them. The...

Large parts of the existing natural gas distribution networks must be decommissioned due to the decarbonization of the heat supply. However, there are neither regulatory nor economic incentives for the gas network operators to do so and delaying the decommissioning could be expensive for the...

This year’s key themes outlook focuses heavily on the resilience of hydrocarbon markets in the face of disruptions of many kinds; how sustainability and energy transition are becoming a strategic political objective that reaches well beyond the energy economy; and the technology elements of...

This study explores the structural shifts in Europe’s energy landscape following the loss of over one-third of its natural gas supplies due to the conflict in Ukraine, effectively severing the traditional natural gas trade “bridge” between Russia and Europe. Amidst Europe’s deep...

On 11 April 2024 the European Parliament adopted the Renewable and Natural Gases and Hydrogen (RNGH) Directive and the RNGH Regulation – otherwise known as the Decarbonised Gas and Hydrogen Package – and published both documents on 12 April 2024. Once approved by the Council and published in...

The market for internationally traded gas has now globalized, assisted by the advent of US LNG from the Lower-48. The volume of flexible LNG has increased sharply since 2016 and was instrumental in the diversion of LNG cargoes to Europe, following the loss of Russian pipeline gas in 2022. In a...

This study analyses the present and future of the European electricity and gas infrastructure, exploring production capacity scenarios and their impact on the electricity system (including the role of interconnections, transmission and distribution grids, prosumers, and storage). It also...