Die Vertiefung der Banken- und Kapitalmarktunion bleibt ein zentrales, aber unerfülltes Ziel europäischer Wirtschaftspolitik. Trotz regulatorischer Fortschritte verhindern nationale Unterschiede in der Umsetzung sowie der Widerstand einflussreicher Interessengruppen eine echte Integration....

European NATO members must raise defence spending by enough to deter through strength an irredentist Russia. This must be done possibly without the United States and when ageing populations demand higher social spending. Raising defence spending to sufficient levels could result in a doubling of...

Would you like to know how the EU addressed the challenges of 2024 and what it achieved during the year? Are you curious about the main policy developments and how citizens benefited from them? You can find the answers to all these questions and more in The EU in 2024.

Would you like to know how the EU addressed the challenges of 2024 and what it achieved during the year? Are you curious about the main policy developments and how citizens benefited from them? You can find the answers to all these questions and more in The EU in 2024.

Would you like to know how the EU addressed the challenges of 2024 and what it achieved during the year? Are you curious about the main policy developments and how citizens benefited from them? You can find the answers to all these questions and more in The EU in 2024.

This paper explores the role of export-oriented firms in shaping regional economic development, with a focus on their operational footprint, strategic orientation, and interaction with institutional and infrastructural environments. Set within the broader context of regional competitiveness and...

Western Balkan countries aim to intensify their path toward the European Union as an opportunity to ensure peace, economic growth, and institutional sustainability. Apart from the regional challenges, the EU integration process of the WB is affected by different geopolitical challenges, such as...

Ukraine, migration, and the economy were uppermost on the agenda of the European Council in 2023 as EU leaders sought to maximise support for the victim of Russia's military aggression, cope with a rising number of refugees and asylum seekers and halt the EU's declining global competitiveness....

The fundamental challenges that Germany is facing - increasing productivity, combining the transformation to climate neutrality with economic growth, making the economy more resilient - cannot be tackled in large part without Europe. This is in the nature of things: resilience and security of...

The new German government will have three fundamental policy issues to wrestle with: the war in Ukraine and European security, the future of global trade, and structural issues that hold back growth. Ukraine: If U.S. support wanes, Europe must stand ready. Trade: Trump's tariffs offer...

This paper analyzes developmental trajectories in the EU. In doing so, it diagnoses economic polarization on two different levels: for one, we observe a divergence of average incomes across EU countries as a persistent empirical feature associated with European integration. For another, European...

Die Vertiefung der Banken- und Kapitalmarktunion bleibt ein zentrales, aber unerfülltes Ziel europäischer Wirtschaftspolitik. Trotz regulatorischer Fortschritte verhindern nationale Unterschiede in der Umsetzung sowie der Widerstand einflussreicher Interessengruppen eine echte Integration....

Jean Monnet Designated institutions (JMDIs) are seven institutions designated in Article 8(c) of the 2021-2027 Erasmus+ Regulation1 as institutions pursuing an aim of European interest. They are the European University Institute in Florence, Italy, including its School of Transnational...

Jean Monnet Designated institutions (JMDIs) are seven institutions designated in Article 8(c) of the 2021-2027 Erasmus+ Regulation1 as institutions pursuing an aim of European interest. They are the European University Institute in Florence, Italy, including its School of Transnational...

This paper analyzes developmental trajectories in the EU. In doing so, it diagnoses economic polarization on two different levels: for one, we observe a divergence of average incomes across EU countries as a persistent empirical feature associated with European integration. For another, European...

In an era marked by repeated crises and the growing traction of populist movements, understanding the deep-rooted factors shaping EU cohesion has become increasingly urgent. This paper investigates how lifetime exposure to economic recessions influences individual attitudes toward the European...

This study proposes a comprehensive theoretical framework for regional identity formation across 95 European regions integrating Social Identity Theory, constructivist approaches, and nested identity theory. Using virtual snowball sampling from 2019 to 2024, participants selected their region's...

This paper analyses the transformative 2025 political agreement redefining Gibraltar's relationship with the European Union (EU) in the post-Brexit era. Historically a British Overseas Territory with strategic significance, Gibraltar has long occupied a unique legal and geopolitical position....

The Treaty on the Functioning of the EU promotes not only a common market but also economic, social and territorial cohesion and access to public services, including cross-border regions. Despite the objective of the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU to promote, inter alia, cohesion in...

Over the past two decades, support for Eurosceptic parties has climbed from fringe to nearly one-third of voters. Promising renewed prosperity through less European integration, these parties imply Euroscepticism is a 'free lunch.' Drawing on an original panel of 1,166 European NUTS-3 regions...

There is a persistent narrative in European Union politics that presents the EU as 'nonideological'. A closer look, however, reveals that EU integration has been (and still is) the source of multiple ideological struggles, especially for political parties. However, we still know little about how...

Im Herbst 2022 wurde die Richtlinie (2022/2041) über angemessene Mindestlöhne in der Europäischen Union verabschiedet. Diese hat zwei zentrale Ziele. Mitgliedsländer mit einem gesetzlichen Mindestlohn müssen transparente Kriterien und Verfahren zu dessen Festlegung entwickeln. Wenn die...

How to break the populist wave? With the elections to the European Parliament ahead, and the Presidential Elections in the US looming, this question bothers policymakers in many Western democracies. Our study shows that regional policies effectively decrease populist support. Specifically, EU...

Wie kann der Aufstieg des Populismus gestoppt werden? Angesichts der bevorstehenden Wahlen zum Europäischen Parlament und der Präsidentschaftswahlen in den USA beschäftigt diese Frage politische Entscheidungsträger in vielen westlichen Demokratien. Unsere Studie zeigt, dass...

Im Herbst 2022 wurde die Richtlinie (2022/2041) über angemessene Mindestlöhne in der Europäischen Union verabschiedet. Diese hat zwei zentrale Ziele. Mitgliedsländer mit einem gesetzlichen Mindestlohn müssen transparente Kriterien und Verfahren zu dessen Festlegung entwickeln. Wenn die...

In recent years, Europe has faced numerous challenges, such as the return of a war to the European continent, the consequences of a global pandemic and the growing impact of climate change. These challenges underline the importance of the rule of law, the well-functioning of the constitutional...

Since the introduction of Article 4(2) of the Treaty on European Union, the meaning and function of the notion of constitutional identity have become an important point of contention. This study, commissioned by the European Parliament's Policy Department for Citizens' Rights and Constitutional...

Since the introduction of Article 4(2) of the Treaty on European Union, the meaning and function of the notion of constitutional identity have become an important point of contention. This study, commissioned by the European Parliament's Policy Department for Citizens' Rights and Constitutional...

Russia's invasion of Ukraine, including the military build-up before the invasion began on 24 February, dominated every one of the nine meetings of the European Council in 2022. It affected most issues with which the European Council dealt during the year, ranging from energy policy to the...