Der Hauptgrund für die chronisch niedrige Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen im Vergleich zu Männern ist die "Child Penalty". Das Phänomen beschreibt die beruflichen Nachteile, die Frauen nach der Geburt des ersten Kindes erfahren, während Männer keine Einbußen verzeichnen. Wie beeinflusst...

The fact that women who have the skills, experience, and ability to be considered for promotions opt out of competitions for promotion is not cost-free. It reduces the overall skillset in the pool of applicants. And the underrepresentation of women discourages future generations of women from...

Macroeconomics is arguably the most male-dominated field within the discipline of economics. Since the mid-1990s, feminist economists have thoroughly and meticulously challenged this field through empirical and theoretical analyses and proposed alternative starting points, frameworks, and...

Gender segregation in higher education persists across developed countries and is paradoxically stronger in wealthier, more gender-equal societies. Using data from over 500,000 children across 37 Western countries, we show that this segregation has roots in childhood. We document a strong...

The latest edition of the Gender Equality Index, the 2024 edition, highlights the fact that the EU is battling a host of emerging challenges, from increasing effects of climate change and extreme weather events to high geopolitical tensions, rapid digitalisation, volatile political situations...

The latest edition of the Gender Equality Index, the 2024 edition, highlights the fact that the EU is battling a host of emerging challenges, from increasing effects of climate change and extreme weather events to high geopolitical tensions, rapid digitalisation, volatile political situations...

Equality in research and innovation (R&I) is a core value of the European Union, essential for fostering excellence, diversity, and inclusiveness. The She Figures publication is the European Commission's flagship report monitoring gender equality in R&I across Europe and beyond. In line with...

This report provides a general overview of the ways in which EU gender equality law has been implemented in the domestic laws of the 27 Member States of the European Union, as well as Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway (the EEA countries), and the United Kingdom. The analysis thus covers 31...

This monitoring report presents an overview of gender equality in EU R&I programmes, particularly in Horizon Europe. It focuses both on main indicators of equality within the programme - such as gender balance of research teams, leading positions, expert evaluations and expert groups - and then...

2024 was an important year for gender equality in the EU. In May, the first-ever Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence as well as two Directives on strengthening the role of equality bodies were adopted. The former introduced inter alia EU-level definitions of a...

2024 was an important year for gender equality in the EU. In May, the first-ever Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence as well as two Directives on strengthening the role of equality bodies were adopted. The former introduced inter alia EU-level definitions of a...

This report details the approach and methodology used in the 2024 data collection on institutional mechanisms for the promotion of gender equality and gender mainstreaming conducted by the European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE).

At the fourteenth session of the Regional Conference on Women in Latin America and the Caribbean, just weeks before the onset of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, the region’s governments undertook to “implement gender-sensitive countercyclical policies, in order to mitigate the...

This report shares key findings and lessons learnt on how to address sexual harassment and discrimination against women and girls, and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex and queer people (LGBTIQ) on public transport, with a focus on bus and metro services. The findings are based on...

The European Commission's renewed commitment and long-term vision to advance gender equality, the 2025 roadmap for women's rights, considers that specialised institutional structures for gender equality and gender mainstreaming are crucial to address structural gender inequalities, advance on...

Achieving gender equality is an important EU objective. It is not just a matter of fundamental human rights, but also smart economics. As the European Union's investment arm, the European Investment Bank (EIB) Group aims to contribute to this goal. Its strategy, grounded in the EU policy...

Latvia is a parliamentary State, where Parliament is the only legislator. This legislator, however, has the right to delegate legislative functions to the Cabinet of Ministers and to municipalities. Delegated legislative powers always have to be made explicit in the laws adopted by Parliament....

Croatia is a unitary and indivisible democratic and welfare state (Article 1 of the Constitution). The Croatian legal system is a civil law system and the government is organised according to the principle of the separation of powers into legislative, executive and judicial branches, but is also...

The principle of equality is recognised by the Belgian Constitution in Articles 10 (equality of women and men), 11 (equality of Belgian citizens without discrimination) and 11bis (promotion of equal access to elective and public mandates). Under Belgium's federal structure, policy competences...

This study examines the determinant factors of women's empowerment in Chepén, Peru, during 2024, analyzing how socioeconomic status potentially moderates this relationship. Using a quantitative approach with a non-experimental, cross-sectional design, the research surveyed 367 women aged 22-52...

This study examines the impact of the Gaza blockade on private returns to education, with a focus on regional and gender disparities in the Palestinian territories. Using data from the Palestinian Labor Force Survey (2000-2014). Results show that, generally, education yields higher returns in...

This study examines the influence of gender composition on corporate financial performance, measured by the Price-to-Earnings (P/E) ratio and Tobin's Q, considering both male and female directors. Using an econometric panel data analysis, a dual fixed effects model and the Generalized Method of...

Research suggests that the impacts of climate change are felt more acutely by women than men, given their specific socioeconomic roles. It is crucial to recognise the differentiated impacts of climate change on women and the importance of their inclusion in mitigation and adaptation policies,...

This study examines the ClosinGap association as a business platform that promotes social change, particularly in advancing Spanish companies' commitment to gender equality within an institutional theory framework. Through a content analysis of 15 reports and interviews with ClosinGap's...

From 2018 to 2022, household access to home internet in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) increased from 50.7 to 68.4 percent, with higher access rates in urban areas (ITU, 2023). In most countries of LAC, there are pronounced disparities in access to the internet between poor and non-poor...