The immigrant population increased by 32 million in 37 European countries from 1990-2019. Much of this movement was internal, from east to west Europe. Although both the destination and origin countries could be affected, we find no effects on aggregate subjective well-being in either group,...

Higher-income countries are aging at unprecedented rates, creating skills shortages in critical sectors ranging from healthcare to construction to information technology. At the same time, many lower-income countries are experiencing booming youth populations, but many lack the skills needed to...

Migration in the East Asia and Pacific (EAP) region is growing in importance, shaped by workers seeking opportunities abroad and governments implementing policies to meet skills needs and stimulate economic growth. Most migrants in the area are economic migrants, voluntarily moving abroad to...

Labour shortages in Europe have led firms to adopt two key strategies: automation and the employment of migrants. This study empirically examines the relationship between robot adoption and immigrant labour (differentiated by region of origin and education level) in Austrian firms using a novel...

Using a specially constructed international dataset of adult heights, we assess the extent, drivers and consequences of migrant selectivity, measured as relative height. This offers a measure of health selectivity that precedes emigration and is stable over time. Applying this measure to...

Debates about immigration's role in addressing population aging typically concentrate on immigrant fertility rates. Moreover, standard projections account for migration's impact on overall population growth while largely overlooking how immigration might affect native fertility. In contrast, we...

On 5 September 2015, the German government suspended the EU's Dublin III regulations, allowing all asylum seekers to apply for asylum in Germany. This policy change motivated more than one million people, especially Syrians, Afghans, and Iraqis, to enter the country. This study examines the...

We exploit a historical experiment that occurred in Czechoslovakia after World War Two to study the drivers of social capital accumulation in an extremely unfavorable environment. Between 1945 and 1948, the Sudetenland became the scene of ethnic cleansing, with the expulsion of nearly three...

A strong evidence base has documented the many ways in which international migration can bring large development benefits for individuals and communities. Flagship reports and analytical work from international organizations like the World Bank have long argued for the need for countries to...

We investigate the effect of anti-immigration attitudes on immigration plans to Europe. We propose a new instrument for attitudes toward immigration, namely, the number of country nationals killed in terrorist attacks taking place outside of Europe. Our first-stage results confirm that such...

We document substantial heterogeneity in labor market integration, skill investments, and outmigration across immigrant admission categories. Using newly available data on residence permits in Finland, we establish four facts. First, there are large initial differences in employment and earnings...

Schengen, a village in southern Luxembourg on the river Moselle, is located where the territories of the initial contracting parties of the Schengen Agreement (France, Germany and the Benelux states) meet. It has become a synonym for the abolition of internal border controls and for free...

Schengen, a village in southern Luxembourg on the river Moselle, is located where the territories of the initial contracting parties of the Schengen Agreement (France, Germany and the Benelux states) meet. It has become a synonym for the abolition of internal border controls and for free...

The EU population is set to decline due to lasting low levels of fertility in the near future. Without migration from third Countries, the EU population would have started to decline already about a decade ago. However, the demographic landscape across Member States is complex: migration is...

Schengen, a small village in Luxembourg close to the border with Germany and France, has become synonymous with the free movement of people in Europe. The abolition of internal border controls has gone hand in hand with common rules for controlling external borders and reinforced judicial and...

Schengen, a small village in Luxembourg close to the border with Germany and France, has become synonymous with the free movement of people in Europe. The abolition of internal border controls has gone hand in hand with common rules for controlling external borders and reinforced judicial and...

European refugee management is undertaking efforts in response to the largest migration crisis in Europe since WWII, caused by Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022. During the period between February 24, 2022 and January 10, 2023, nearly eight million people fled Ukraine, seeking...

The European Union is putting in place a sustainable and comprehensive migration policy, one that is both fair and firm. The new legal framework for returns constitutes a key element of the Pact on Migration and Asylum which sets out a comprehensive approach on migration. The new Common European...

This report presents the findings of an analysis on the effectiveness of European Union Trust Fund (EUTF) projects in addressing migration and displacement drivers in the Horn of Africa (HoA) region. The study examined 47 projects across seven countries, focusing on key drivers such as lack of...

This study highlights that dominant disinformation narratives frame migrants and migration as a threat to Europeans' health, wealth, and identity. It discusses issues linked to definitions, core threat-based narratives in disinformation campaigns and explores the role of key actors, both foreign...

We study how drug-related violence affects emigration from Central America, a region with rapidly rising migration to the United States. Using multiple data sources, we apply an instrumental variables strategy based on proximity to drug-trafficking routes and coca production in Colombia. We find...

We propose new ways to measure populism, using the Manifesto Project Database (1960- 2019) as main source of data. We characterize the evolution of populism over 60 years and show empirically that it is significantly impacted by the skill-content of globalization. Specifically, imports of goods...

The aim of this paper is to estimate the Chinese migration networks effect on its commercial balance. We have measured the impact of Chinese emigration to European countries on the exportation and compared it with the effects on importation through a gravity model estimation in which, emigration...

Pakistan is one of the largest recipients of remittances globally and has substantial remittance inflow fluctuations; thus, finding the remittance-gross domestic product (GDP) ratio threshold is expedient. This study examined the macroeconomic impacts of emigrant remittances in Pakistan using a...

This statistical annex to the 2024 Asylum and Migration Overview of the European Migration Network (EMN) provides an overview of relevant statistics. Parts 1 and 2 provide an overview of European statistics on the European Union and Norway. Part 1, divided into nine thematic areas, focuses...

The Commission is proposing EUR 81 billion in the area of Home Affairs to make Europe safer and more secure, to equip the EU with stronger external borders and to implement a fair and firm migration management system. This triples funding compared to the previous budget period.

This paper examines the impact of two massive and unexpected inflows of Ukrainians on voting behavior in Poland. The two migration shocks, caused by Russia's aggression against Ukraine in 2014 and 2022, allow us to compare the effects of conflict-induced labor migration and those of refugee...

This study analyzes the determinants of remittance inflow to the Palestinian territories within the framework of chronic political conflict and economic volatility. Remittances are an important source of Palestinian household finance, offering economic security in the face of labor supply...

Many people born outside England, defined as aliens, lived in late medieval London. Despite a growing literature on immigration in late medieval England and acceptance that speech was highly significant in premodern societies, studies of native-alien coexistence in London have focused on...

This paper studies how atypical work, alongside other labour market conditions, affect intra-EU migration and vice versa in 17 EU countries from 2004 to 2019. Relative increases of part-time and selfemployment shares in sending countries increase net migration, whereas relative increases in...

This paper examines internal migration from a lifetime perspective using unique data on detailed residential biographies of individuals born in Germany between 1944 and 1986. We first describe life-cycle patterns of internal mobility and potential differences across space, time, and...