Kazakhstan's economy is estimated to have grown by 4.0 percent in 2024. A temporary acceleration to 4.5-5.0 percent growth is projected in 2025, supported by a one-off surge in oil production, export growth, and continued fiscal stimulus. Growth is expected to moderate post-2025 due to...

This paper explores how the health-related component of human capital affects economic performance in all five Central Asian countries. In particular, it analyzes the impact of life expectancy on overall GDP and output per worker, which characterizes labor productivity. The time frame includes...

Unequal access to healthcare and inadequate financing have highlighted the need for healthcare reform to increase efficiency while ensuring equity in healthcare financing worldwide. Our study evaluates the capacity of Kazakhstan’s healthcare system reform, transitioning from a tax-financed...

Continuous transformations, which have been observed more and more in recent years, require an increase in the effectiveness of measures in the state regulation of the labour market, which is possible only with a clear understanding and realistic assessment of its condition and existing trends...

This report aims to enhance the understanding of the priorities, needs, and solutions for improving air quality (AQ) in Central Asia (CA) through local action and regional collaboration. It focuses on key components of holistic air quality management (AQM): evidence-based analytics to identify...

A technical assistance mission assisted the Bureau of National Statistics under the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan in developing quarterly national accounts. It did so by reviewing existing large statistical discrepancies between GDP by production and GDP...

Almaty Agglomeration is a large territory in Central Asia, located in a region with a sharply continental climate characterized by cold winters and dry summers. The area includes diverse ecological zones ranging from deserts to mountain meadows and forests, creating varied microclimates and...

This study examines the development of the digital economy and society in the Republic of Kazakhstan by combining international benchmarking with a context-specific national framework. It highlights the limitations of existing global indices such as DESI, NRI, and EGDI in capturing the...

This research aims to identify the dynamics of eco-innovations in Kazakhstan's small and medium-sized business sectors, as well as to assess the practical signifcance of these innovations for both ecology and society as a whole. To achieve this objective, a combination of methods was employed,...

Kazakhstan views the implementation of the European Union's Global Gateway strategy as a key element of its foreign economic policy. For Kazakhstan, this strategy is important not only from an economic point of view, since it is aimed at stimulating the country's sustainable growth, but also...

Central Asian economies, particularly Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, are pursuing increasingly ambitious goals for renewable energy. Apart from China - an established player in the market - it has increasingly been Gulf countries that have been implementing respective projects, particularly Saudi...

Small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) are an essential subject of economic activity in any country because, without their participation, the development and formation of the very structure of the economy are almost impossible. The role of SMEs is significant since these businesses allow for...

Innovation ecosystems use R&D inputs to generate innovation outputs first and innovation impacts later. But some countries show a relatively low transmission, such as in the case of Kazakhstan, the largest economy in Central Asia. This article analyzes the transmission from R&D into innovation...

In contrast to most Central, Eastern and Southeastern European (CESEE) economies, Central Asia (CA) - comprising Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan - has witnessed quite robust demographic as well as economic growth in the period from 2019 to 2024. This period was...

After reaching 5.1 percent in 2023, growth is expected to slow to 3.9 percent in 2024, while inflation would decline to 8.2 percent. The banking sector remains resilient amid continued rapid consumer credit growth. A moderate current account deficit is expected this year. The outlook is subject...

The economy of Kazakhstan has performed strongly since the turn of the century, growing at an annual rate of 4.7 percent from 2006 to 2021. Sustained economic and productivity growth brought higher incomes and a period of prosperity. Between 2006 and 2021, the per capita gross domestic product...

Kazakhstan is a major emitter of greenhouse gases and also highly vulnerable to climate change. This highlights the urgent need for coordinated efforts in climate mitigation and adaptation. In 2022, Kazakhstan's emissions reached 353.0 million tons of CO2 equivalent, with per capita emissions...

The mutual codependence between stock market development and the economic growth is empirically investigated in Kazakhstan. The study employs the Vector Autoregression technique (VAR) to test the relationship between economic growth (Industrial Production Index) and the stock market development...

The rising demand for meat and animal products has strained land resources and created a livestock sector responsible for 20% of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, linked to desertification, deforestation, water contamination, and biodiversity loss. Quantifying this strain remains difficult...

As part of its efforts to secure access to critical raw materials (CRMs), the EU has concluded Strategic Partnerships on Raw Materials with 14 non-EU countries. These partnerships aim to diversify supply sources and to deepen ties with resource-rich countries, thereby strengthening the...

As part of its efforts to secure access to critical raw materials (CRMs), the EU has concluded Strategic Partnerships on Raw Materials with 14 non-EU countries. These partnerships aim to diversify supply sources and to deepen ties with resource-rich countries, thereby strengthening the...

Der russische Krieg gegen die Ukraine und die geopolitischen Verschiebungen auf dem eurasischen Kontinent haben Zentralasien wieder verstärkt in den Fokus Deutschlands und der EU gerückt. Die strategische Regionalpartnerschaft der Bundesrepublik mit Zentralasien, die im vergangenen Herbst...

In Zentralasien verfolgen insbesondere Kasachstan und Usbekistan immer ambitioniertere Ziele mit Blick auf erneuerbare Energien. Neben China als etabliertem Akteur sind es vor allem einzelne Golfstaaten, insbesondere Saudi-Arabien, teils auch die Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate (VAE), die...

This paper empirically analyzes the key drivers of inflation in Kazakhstan by differentiating between demand and supply-driven factors contributing to headline inflation. Given that Kazakhstan is highly sensitive to adverse external fluctuations (due to its economic structure), our empirical...

Based on the systematization of relevant problems in the agricultural sector of Kazakhstan and other countries, the purpose of the research is to aid in the development and implementation of a methodology for the econometric analysis of sustainability, the classification of economic growth, and...

This study explores the role of circular entrepreneurship in advancing sustainable development within Kazakhstan, an emerging market traditionally reliant on resource-intensive economic practices. The circular economy, with principles of reduce, reuse, recycle, and recover, offers a...