Diese Studie richtet sich auf die beruflichen Folgen der Schwanger- und Mutterschaft von selbstständigen Handwerkerinnen in Nordrhein-Westfalen. Die Befunde zeigen, dass die Mehrheit der Handwerkerinnen, die während der Selbstständigkeit Mutter geworden sind, keine Form von...

Patient moral hazard is a significant issue in healthcare system reform and a prominent factor affecting the efficiency of healthcare services in China. Based on the consolidation of urban and rural resident health insurance, this paper employs a staggered DID model to analyze the impact of...

Background Adjusting the health insurance reimbursement rate is essential to optimize the allocation of medical resources. This paper investigates the effect of health insurance reimbursement rates on middle-aged and elderly people's choice of hospitals in China. Methods This study is conducted...

The Colombian Ministry of Health's decision to increase the health insurance premium (Capitation Payment Unit) by 5.36% for 2025, close to the inflation rate, has sparked controversy. This adjustment disregards factors that contribute to rising healthcare costs, leading to concerns over the...

Vietnam has witnessed impressive economic growth in recent decades, but it continues to have a large share of its workers in the informal sector. The lack of a labor contract for workers in the informal economy excludes them from payroll financed mandatory social insurance (SI) coverage. Among...

Diese Studie richtet sich auf die beruflichen Folgen der Schwanger- und Mutterschaft von selbstständigen Handwerkerinnen in Nordrhein-Westfalen. Die Befunde zeigen, dass die Mehrheit der Handwerkerinnen, die während der Selbstständigkeit Mutter geworden sind, keine Form von...

Unequal access to healthcare and inadequate financing have highlighted the need for healthcare reform to increase efficiency while ensuring equity in healthcare financing worldwide. Our study evaluates the capacity of Kazakhstan’s healthcare system reform, transitioning from a tax-financed...

Moral hazard in health insurance arises when insured individuals are incentivized to over-utilize healthcare services, especially when they face low out-of-pocket costs. While existing literature primarily addresses moral hazard through qualitative studies, this paper introduces a quantitative...

In recent years, the actuarial literature involving machine learning in insurance pricing has flourished. However, most actuarial machine learning research focuses on property and casualty insurance, while using such techniques in health insurance is yet to be explored. In this paper, we discuss...

Estimates of social insurance pension wealth are available for a number of Western economies, including Austria for the year 2017. Such wealth may be compared with conventional wealth in terms of size and distribution and when we add such estimates to measures of wealth in the conventional...

A common approach to markets with adverse selection is to regulate competition to minimize inefficiencies, while preserving consumer choice among firms. We study the role of procurement auctions - leading to sole provision by the winning firm - as an alternative market design. Relative to...

The analysis of household health financing vulnerability and its impact on health service utilization during the COVID-19 pandemic remains inadequately explored in Kenya. This study was designed to examine the impact of health financing vulnerability on health services utilization during the...

This country report provides a description of the emergence of a health care system under public responsibility in India. The inception of the health care system refers to the first legislation stipulating entitlements to medical care. The report also includes a brief description of major health...

This country report provides a description of the emergence of a health care system under public responsibility in Mexico. The inception of the health care system refers to the first legislation stipulating entitlements to medical care. The report also includes a brief description of major...

Business power is thought to increase over time when private actors are involved in the provision of public goods and services. This paper argues that this is partially true-and that in certain circumstances, state actors can even swiftly regain control of sectors previously ceded to private...

We leverage decades of administrative data and quasi-experimental variation in the introduction of universal long-term care (LTC) insurance in Germany in 1995 to examine whether health insurance expansions can stimulate local economies. We find that the LTC insurance rollout led not only to...

We leverage decades of administrative data and quasi-experimental variation in the introduction of universal long-term care (LTC) insurance in Germany in 1995 to examine whether health insurance expansions can stimulate local economies. We find that the LTC insurance rollout led not only to...

This country report provides a description of the emergence of a health care system under public responsibility in Peru. The inception of the health care system refers to the first legislation stipulating entitlements to medical care. The report also includes a brief description of major health...

This country report provides a description of the emergence of a health care system under public responsibility in Morocco. The inception of the health care system refers to the first legislation stipulating entitlements to medical care. The report also includes a brief description of major...

Healthcare cost acceleration and resource allocation issues have worsened across European health systems, where a small group of patients drives excessive healthcare spending. The prediction of high-cost utilization patterns is important for the sustainable management of healthcare and focused...

Public insurance reimbursement policies shape the structure and reach of healthcare markets. In this study, we examine the 1980 federal Medicaid mandate requiring states to reimburse Certified Nurse-Midwives, one of the first reforms targeting non-physician providers. We find the mandate...

We study the effect of royalty status - historically rooted legal privilege enjoyed by hereditary monarchs - on human longevity, a proxy of individuals' health capital. We disentangle royalty status that encompassed serving as heads of state, and hence subject to status-related stress, from...

The Universal Health Care (UHC) Act of 2019 introduces comprehensive reforms to address longstanding demand and supply constraints in the Philippine health system. Key reform areas include shifting provider payment mechanisms of PhilHealth to a global budget and expanding primary healthcare...

In the Philippines, household out-of-pocket or direct payment made by patients, has persistently accounted for nearly half of the country's health spending, which suggests financial burden experienced by Filipinos in accessing care. Since 2013, PhilHealth has paid accredited public and private...

The EU Artificial Intelligence Act (Regulation (EU) 2024/1689) designates AI systems used in life and health insurance underwriting as high-risk systems, imposing rigorous requirements for bias testing, technical documentation, and post-deployment monitoring. Leveraging 12.4 million...

In the 2000s, the Government of the People's Republic of China extended basic health insurance to most of the population. In the 2010s, it introduced a catastrophic medical insurance (CMI) program to further improve urban and rural residents' protection against financial shocks due to inpatient...

In this report, we characterize the government health expenditures, examine the fragmented and overlapping nature of different financing streams, and propose a framework to address these challenges. In the past decade, the Philippines has experienced unprecedented growth in government health...

Die Bund-Länder-Kommission "Zukunftspakt Pflege" soll bis zum Jahresende 2025 Grundlagen für eine Pflegereform erarbeiten. Ihr Arbeitsauftrag steht unter dem Oberziel der Beitragssatzstabilität. Dazu beschäftigt sich die Kommission unter anderem mit der Frage, ob eine erweiterte...

Die Bund-Länder-Kommission "Zukunftspakt Pflege" soll bis zum Jahresende 2025 Grundlagen für eine Pflegereform erarbeiten. Ihr Arbeitsauftrag steht unter dem Oberziel der Beitragssatzstabilität. Dazu beschäftigt sich die Kommission unter anderem mit der Frage, ob eine erweiterte...

Selbstständig erwerbstätige Frauen können sich freiwillig über die Krankenversicherung gegen einen Einkommensausfall während der Mutterschutzfrist absichern. Etwa die Hälfte der selbstständig erwerbstätigen Frauen im gebärfähigen Alter ist entsprechend versichert. Allerdings hat nur...

Narrow hospital networks have proliferated in health systems with managed care. We investigate the causal effect of network breadth on mortality leveraging the termination of the largest health insurer in Colombia. The termination caused a substantial increase in mortality accompanied by...