The Subnational public finance report is the first in a series of World Bank reports that analyze local and regional government fiscal and financial developments in Croatia. The objective of this work is to offer policy advice on improving public service delivery in a fiscally efficient and...

Over the past decade, Croatia has demonstrated significant progress in economic development and improvement in living standards for its citizens. Economic performance during this period, including the country's strong recovery following its pandemic-induced recession, was underpinned by sound...

This unique insight into the corporate investment in Croatia examines companies' finance needs and the constraints they face. The 2024 edition also provides insight into the pressing issues facing firms, such as climate change, high energy costs and the green transition. The survey, which has...

The VAT Gap represents the difference between expected VAT revenues and those actually collected, reflecting compliance challenges, policy inefficiencies, and enforcement gaps. As part of the European Commission's ongoing efforts to improve VAT compliance and revenue collection, these 27 country...

This report is an analysis of the labour market in the trilateral border region between Slovenia, Italy and Croatia. It presents a current and forward-looking analysis of the evolution of the labour market from both a statistical and policy perspective. Importantly, the focus of the case study...

Government effectiveness in Croatia has recorded an increase in score from 0.46 in 2019 to 0.58 in 2022, highlighting a clear positive trend. Nevertheless, government effectiveness remains below the average for the European Union Member States (EU-27) in 2019 (before the impact of COVID-19),...

This report documents the work done in the most recent annual update for Croatia. This work was carried out by the EUROMOD core development team, based at the JRC in Seville, in collaboration with the national team.

The present report proposes five price transmission analyses in three MS (Italy, Spain and Croatia). Among the five analyses conducted, all analyses cover preserved anchovy of national origin retailed in national supermarkets. As follows: - 80 g of salted anchovies in olive oil retailed in Italy...

The aim is to identify gaps in the monitoring network for Croatia according to the revised Ambient Air Quality Directive (Directive (EU) 2024/2881). The analysis is conducted considering the data officially reported by Croatia for the last five years (2019-2023) to EEA's Repornet2. Data has been...

Croatia is a unitary and indivisible democratic and welfare state (Article 1 of the Constitution). The Croatian legal system is a civil law system and the government is organised according to the principle of the separation of powers into legislative, executive and judicial branches, but is also...

The banking sector in the Western Balkan countries has changed dramatically in recent years. A variety of factors have contributed to these changes, such as economic growth, increased competition, and the implementation of new regulations. As a result, the profitability of the banking sector...

How do beliefs on admission probability influence application choices? In this study, we empirically investigate whether and how admission probability is reflected in application choices in a centralized admission system. We exploit a novel setting of a dynamic deferred acceptance mechanism as...

Croatia faces two key labor market challenges: a shortage of labor and the inadequate skills of its existing workforce. These challenges are being shaped by global megatrends, namely, demographic, green, and digital transitions. To address these key challenges, actions are needed on several...

Croatia is at a critical demographic crossroads. Against a backdrop of an aging and declining population, Croatia is transitioning from a country of emigration to one increasingly relying on foreign workers, with profound implications for the nation's economic and social fabric. While recent...

This study investigates the relationship between financialisation and economic growth in Croatia, focusing on the period from 1995 to 2021. Using time series econometric models, including the Augmented Dickey-Fuller test for stationarity, Johansen's cointegration test for long-term...

This paper examines the key aspects of corporate governance of stateowned enterprises (SOEs) through a comparative survey conducted in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, and Serbia. The research explores two distinct perspectives: the state's view on the necessity and governance of SOEs, and the...

The Croatian Qualifications Framework (CROQF) (Hrvatski kvalifikacijski okvir, HKO) is a comprehensive 13-level framework. It includes qualifications from all levels and sectors of formal education and training, i.e. general, vocational education and training (VET), higher and adult education....

The Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) is the framework of economic policies covering the European Union (EU) - including both euro area and non-euro area countries. The principal long-term aim of EMU is economic convergence for the EU over three successive stages. Once a country reaches the...

Croatia's fishing fleet is largely small-scale. The fleet operates only in the northern Adriatic. Commercial fishing activities require professional training (8 hours) that is offered monthly by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. In addition, national Croatian standards...

The Commission carried out a study to look at consumer behaviours concerning food waste and date marking. The study covered over 25000 participants from across all 27 EU Member States, who were asked to report on how they manage food in their daily lives through a survey. Based on their...

The Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) is the framework of economic policies covering the European Union (EU) - including both euro area and non-euro area countries. The principal long-term aim of EMU is economic convergence for the EU over three successive stages. Once a country reaches the...

Conventional wisdom suggests that when business regulation is excessive, deregulation should enhance efficiency. The liberalization of services markets in Croatia demonstrates that this is not necessarily the case, particularly when features of the reform process allow undue influence by those...

Conventional wisdom suggests that when business regulation is excessive, deregulation should enhance efficiency. The liberalization of services markets in Croatia demonstrates that this is not necessarily the case, particularly when features of the reform process allow undue influence by those...

The Country Opinion Survey in Croatia assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how stakeholders in Croatia perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector,...

The implementation of Croatia's 'National Roma Strategic Framework' (NRSF) has led to visible progress in promoting Roma culture, improving living conditions, and enhancing participation. Awareness-raising initiatives, cultural memorials, and media projects have strengthened the recognition of...

The present report proposes five price transmission analyses in three MS (Italy, Spain and Croatia). Among the five analyses conducted, all analyses cover preserved anchovy of national origin retailed in national supermarkets. As follows: - 80 g of salted anchovies in olive oil retailed in Italy...

This report presents the findings from the first (micro) phase of the thematic country review (TCR) on upskilling pathways (UP) in Croatia. It captures the perspectives of both the beneficiaries of the initiatives under review and the stake-holders involved in their implementation. The TCR on UP...

Background: Recent global disruptions have exposed the vulnerability of international supply chains, prompting a shift toward regionalization to enhance economic resilience. As a European Union (EU) member, Croatia has an opportunity to strengthen its integration into EU regional value chains...

Croatia has two international RBDs: the Danube and the Adriatic, covered by one single RBMP. Three authorities are competent for this RBMP (the Ministry of Economy and Sustainable Development, the national body responsible for water management Croatian Waters and the Josip Juraj Strossmayer...

This policy brief produced by Cedefop presents a snapshot of vocational education and training policy developments in Croatia between 2020 and the end of 2024. It presents the context and the challenges the country faces, a selection of the latest VET-related statistics, as well as the national...

The Floods Directive (FD) established a framework for flood risk management. It foresees 6-yearly cycles aiming at the reduction of the adverse consequences associated with floods in the European Union (EU). The first cycle covered the period 2010-15. The second cycle covers the period 2016-21....

Croatian fisheries are facing a myriad of challenges, including overfishing, increased competition for marine space, and the problems of generational renewal. This is happening in the context of "blue Gold Rush" happening throughout the Mediterranean, and is reflected in the growth of...

The Floods Directive (FD) established a framework for flood risk management (FRM). It foresees 6-yearly cycles aiming to reduce the risk of flood damage in the European Union (EU). The first cycle covered the period 2010-15. The second cycle covered the period 2016-21. The third cycle will cover...

Objective: The objective of the article is to examine the technology acceptance of unmanned, cashierless technology. Since 2015, several startups have developed a new technology innovation called unmanned, cashierless technology, which has been steadily spreading globally over the past nine...

Differences in entrepreneurial activity between women and men arise from the cultural context and from the role of women in family life. Although the Constitution of the Republic of Croatia guarantees gender equality and all equal rights for both men and women, differences between men and women...

This report describes the employment and social situation of young people in the Western Balkans (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Serbia - the WB6) and also looks at employment in Türkiye. It focuses on young people because they were particularly hard...

This report describes the employment and social situation of young people in the Western Balkans (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Serbia - the WB6) and also looks at employment in Türkiye. It focuses on young people because they were particularly hard...

This Fact Sheet forms part of a series of 27 Fact Sheets, each one providing data insights into the twin transition and the technological performance of industrial ecosystems of a specific EU Member State. It has been prepared within the 'European Monitor of Industrial Ecosystems' (EMI) project...