We discuss the importance of a sustainable education policy for the prosperity and stability of society. Early childhood education, schools and vocational training must all be seen as a lifelong learning project in order to promote equal opportunities. Despite the expansion of day care centres...

We develop a deep reinforcement learning (RL) framework for an optimal market-making (MM) trading problem, specifically focusing on price processes with semi-Markov and Hawkes Jump-Diffusion dynamics. We begin by discussing the basics of RL and the deep RL framework used; we deployed the...

The paper examines the early integration of Ukrainian refugee students into Italy's education system following the Russian Federation's full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022. Using administrative and survey data, the study presents enrollment trends, academic performance, and barriers to...

The fundamental issue with a credit system for manufacturers and importers of commodities is inefficient credit assessment. Traditional techniques frequently produce inaccurate risk assessments and credit scores, resulting in financial losses for lenders, missing business growth possibilities,...

The development of English-language skills, a near necessity in today’s global economy, is heavily influenced by historical national decisions about whether to subtitle or dub TV content. While prior studies of language acquisition have focused on schools, we show the overwhelming influence of...

Teaching quality is deemed one of the foundations of student achievement and institutional performance. With this, linking in-service training (INSET) and teacher professional development (TPD), to student outcomes has been at the forefront of education research. Our inquiry revolves on how to...

This paper quantifies learning losses between 2020 and 2022 in the Dominican Republic, an upper-middle-income country. The paper uses data from a sample of ninth-grade students who benefited from computer adaptive learning software during this period. This study is among a few to measure actual...

This Guidance Note is part of the Safe Schools Practices guidance package and builds on the T&L strategies presented in the Chapeau Approach Note. This Note provides additional details, resources, and country case studies that offer richer details on why and how countries have employed safe...

The development of English-language skills, a near necessity in today’s global economy, is heavily influenced by historical national decisions about whether to subtitle or dub TV content. While prior studies of language acquisition have focused on schools, we show the overwhelming influence of...

Context: Soft skills or critical core skills (CCS), e.g., communication, problem solving, etc, have been recognized by both individuals and organizations as important but at shortage in the labour market. Within this context, the development of CCS for the employees becomes more and more...

Informing people about historical atrocities and injustice is considered critical for sustaining democracies and preventing similar atrocities in the future. Yet, what remains unknown is whether exposure to factual information about ingroups' historical injustices, such as genocide, slavery, or...

The internet transformed the landscape for (prospective) migrants, including the ability to learn foreign languages. The popular language learning app Duolingo rolled out 84 courses between source and target languages between 2012 and 2021. These courses increased the number of languages spoken...

This paper develops a novel gradient-based reinforcement learning algorithm for solving dynamic quantile models with uncertainty. Unlike traditional approaches that rely on expected utility maximization, we focus on agents who evaluate outcomes based on specific quantiles of the utility...

We evaluate Raise-Up, a pilot in two Turin-area vocational schools that integrated project-based learning on digitization and the green transition into the regular curriculum. Using a difference-indifferences design on three survey waves, we find no positive effects on any pre-registered...

The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a learning crisis. The learning crisis makes clear the urgency of implementing personalized learning. Indonesia's rigid K-13 curriculum proved ill-equipped to address learning loss, since it provided little flexibility for teachers to address diverse student...

In emerging markets like Vietnam, where student borrowers often lack traditional credit histories, accurately predicting loan eligibility remains a critical yet underexplored challenge. While machine learning and deep learning techniques have shown promise in credit scoring, their comparative...

The Learning Spaces School Toolkit provides practical guidance on how to make education infrastructure and learning environments more sustainable and supportive of the development of sustainability competences, student health, well-being and learning. The toolkit has been developed in the...

The Learning Spaces School Toolkit provides practical guidance on how to make education infrastructure and learning environments more sustainable and supportive of the development of sustainability competences, student health, well-being and learning. The toolkit has been developed in the...

Skin cancer is the abnormal development of cells on the surface of the skin and is one of the most fatal diseases in humans. It usually appears in locations that are exposed to the sun, but can also appear in areas that are not regularly exposed to the sun. Due to the striking similarities...

This paper reconsiders how labor market competition shapes skill development - integrating the perspectives of both firms and workers. While existing models often predict that firms will underinvestment in training due to a fear of poaching, we show that competition can instead serve as a...

This paper examines the impact of co-workers' fertility on individual fertility decisions. Using matched employer-employee data from Italian social security records (2016-2020), we estimate how fertility among co-workers of similar age and occupation affects the individual likelihood of having a...

Betthäuser et al. (2023) examine the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the learning progress of school-aged children. They collect 291 estimates from 42 studies. Their meta-analysis-corrected estimate implies a substantial decline in students' learning (Cohen's d = −0.14, 95% confidence...

Strategic learning self-efficacy reflects the confidence of managers in their ability to learn from the outcomes of past strategic decisions and apply that knowledge to new decisions. This research examines the relationship between strategic learning self-efficacy and a firm's industry-adjusted...

We study a duel game in which each player has incomplete knowledge of the game parameters. We present a simple, heuristically motivated and easily implemented algorithm by which, in the course of repeated plays, each player estimates the missing parameters and consequently learns his optimal...