This study aims to determine the most important component of economic freedom and to rank the performance of countries using multiple criteria decision-making tools within the context of fuzzy set theory. To do so, we utilize a combination of fuzzy entropy weighting and fuzzy technique for order...

At the start of the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) vaccination campaign in Mexico, the vaccine was the world's most essential and scarce asset. Managing its administration to optimize its use was, and still is, of paramount importance. However, when the first vaccine was developed at the end of...

Berge equilibrium offers an alternative to Nash equilibrium in game theory, emphasizing cooperative stability rather than individual optimization. Despite recent interest, a systematic study of Berge equilibria in finite normal form games is still lacking, with fundamental questions like...

Financial literacy is an important prerequisite for making informed financial decisions, but it remains low, especially among women and older people. Internalized stereotypes can undermine confidence and subsequently affect behavior in financial matters, leading to suboptimal decisions. This...

We estimate the causal effect of exposure to math during high school on university major choice and performance, using a unique administrative dataset of 1,396 twins extracted from the entire student population enrolled between 2011 and 2021 at an Italian university. We apply a Twin Fixed Effect...

We estimate the causal effect of exposure to math during high school on university major choice and performance, using a unique administrative dataset of 1,396 twins extracted from the entire student population enrolled between 2011 and 2021 at an Italian university. We apply a Twin Fixed Effect...

Teachers' stereotypical assessments widen the gender gap in earnings and formal sector employment after high school graduation, with lasting positive effects for men and shorter-term negative effects for women. Exposure to these assessments throughout high school disproportionately affects...

BRAC has over 40,000 schools worldwide. It is widely praised for serving disadvantaged students and for matching or outperforming government schools. Using data that we collected from Dhaka's slums, we test these claims. We find that BRAC serves the most disadvantaged students in our survey, but...

Self-led educational technologies have the potential to improve student learning at scale, but sustaining student engagement with these platforms remains a challenge. We present results from an experimental evaluation implemented following the scale-up of a math platform in Peru, where primary...

Multi-objective optimization problems (MOPs) are common in real-world applications, including scheduling, vehicle routing, and engineering design. A key challenge in solving MOPs is balancing convergence and diversity, as these problems often involve conflicting objectives and complex...

15% der Menschen in der Schweiz verfügen über geringe Kompetenzen in den Bereichen Lesen, Rechnen und adaptives Problemlösen. Dies entspricht ungefähr 844 000 Personen. Diese Kompetenzen sind jedoch von entscheidender Bedeutung, da sie als Grundlage angesehen werden, die notwendigen...

This Eurydice report offers valuable evidence of how education systems across Europe are working to address underachievement in reading, mathematics and science at primary and lower secondary level. It presents recent policy developments in curriculum and assessment, learning support, teacher...

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag untersucht 1) den Zusammenhang zwischen der sozioökonomischen und ethno-lingualen Schulklassenkomposition und den Kompetenzen in Mathematik und den Naturwissenschaften von zugewanderten Jugendlichen und 2), ob Unterschiede in der sozialen Zusammensetzung der...

To compare 'in-field' versus 'out-of-field' teachers of Years 7-10 mathematics in Australia on key demographic and instructional dimensions, we analysed nationally representative system data collected by the OECD Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS), one of the world's largest...

"Out-of-field" teaching in mathematics refers to teachers who teach the subject without mathematics-specific qualifications to do so. Out-of-field teaching has the potential to affect teachers' classroom instruction practices with consequences for student learning. This report describes the...

This paper investigates whether citizenship of immigrant students in the host country influences their choice of majors, and whether these effects differ by gender. Using detailed students' data from an Italian university, combined with characteristics of the countries of origin, I examine the...

Q-Rung orthopair fuzzy set (Q-ROFSs) is a generation of quartic fuzzy sets (QFSs), Fermatean fuzzy sets (FFSs), Pythagorean fuzzy sets (PFSs), Intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs), and fuzzy sets (FSs). Fuzzy similarity measures find wide-ranging applications in several fields, such as pattern...

This study proposes a new class of fuzzy sets called Quintic Fuzzy Set (QuFS), where the sum of the fifth power of the membership degree and non-membership degree is less than or equal to one. We introduce the complement operator and basic operations on QuFS and further develop various theorems...