This study aims to determine the most important component of economic freedom and to rank the performance of countries using multiple criteria decision-making tools within the context of fuzzy set theory. To do so, we utilize a combination of fuzzy entropy weighting and fuzzy technique for order...

At the start of the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) vaccination campaign in Mexico, the vaccine was the world's most essential and scarce asset. Managing its administration to optimize its use was, and still is, of paramount importance. However, when the first vaccine was developed at the end of...

Berge equilibrium offers an alternative to Nash equilibrium in game theory, emphasizing cooperative stability rather than individual optimization. Despite recent interest, a systematic study of Berge equilibria in finite normal form games is still lacking, with fundamental questions like...

Financial literacy is an important prerequisite for making informed financial decisions, but it remains low, especially among women and older people. Internalized stereotypes can undermine confidence and subsequently affect behavior in financial matters, leading to suboptimal decisions. This...

We estimate the causal effect of exposure to math during high school on university major choice and performance, using a unique administrative dataset of 1,396 twins extracted from the entire student population enrolled between 2011 and 2021 at an Italian university. We apply a Twin Fixed Effect...

We estimate the causal effect of exposure to math during high school on university major choice and performance, using a unique administrative dataset of 1,396 twins extracted from the entire student population enrolled between 2011 and 2021 at an Italian university. We apply a Twin Fixed Effect...

Teachers' stereotypical assessments widen the gender gap in earnings and formal sector employment after high school graduation, with lasting positive effects for men and shorter-term negative effects for women. Exposure to these assessments throughout high school disproportionately affects...

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag untersucht 1) den Zusammenhang zwischen der sozioökonomischen und ethno-lingualen Schulklassenkomposition und den Kompetenzen in Mathematik und den Naturwissenschaften von zugewanderten Jugendlichen und 2), ob Unterschiede in der sozialen Zusammensetzung der...

To compare 'in-field' versus 'out-of-field' teachers of Years 7-10 mathematics in Australia on key demographic and instructional dimensions, we analysed nationally representative system data collected by the OECD Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS), one of the world's largest...

"Out-of-field" teaching in mathematics refers to teachers who teach the subject without mathematics-specific qualifications to do so. Out-of-field teaching has the potential to affect teachers' classroom instruction practices with consequences for student learning. This report describes the...

This paper investigates whether citizenship of immigrant students in the host country influences their choice of majors, and whether these effects differ by gender. Using detailed students' data from an Italian university, combined with characteristics of the countries of origin, I examine the...

Q-Rung orthopair fuzzy set (Q-ROFSs) is a generation of quartic fuzzy sets (QFSs), Fermatean fuzzy sets (FFSs), Pythagorean fuzzy sets (PFSs), Intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs), and fuzzy sets (FSs). Fuzzy similarity measures find wide-ranging applications in several fields, such as pattern...

This study proposes a new class of fuzzy sets called Quintic Fuzzy Set (QuFS), where the sum of the fifth power of the membership degree and non-membership degree is less than or equal to one. We introduce the complement operator and basic operations on QuFS and further develop various theorems...

There is much public concern over the poor math performances of U.S. students compared to other developed countries. In this paper, we consider the role of instruction style in student performance on the math literacy portion of the OECD's PISA exam, specifically looking at the...

Numerous expansions of fuzzy sets have been proposed to manage uncertain information in real-world problems. Unlike fuzzy sets and intuitionistic fuzzy sets, picture fuzzy sets independently consider membership, non-membership, and indeterminacy. They have been extensively employed to delineate...

A novel factorization for the sum of two single-pair matrices is established as product of lower-triangular, tridiagonal, and upper-triangular matrices, leading to semi-closed-form formulas for tridiagonal matrix inversion. Subsequent factorizations are established, leading to semi-closed-form...

A necessary condition for a dominance of prospect F over prospect G by all commonly employed investment criteria is E_F (x)≥E_G (x). Because of this requirement, optimal investment rules fail to distinguish between two alternative prospects where in practice one prospect is preferred over the...

The purpose of this study is to produce valid mathematical modeling tasks using parking fees for learning mathematical modeling in SMK. This study used a research development approach by Akker, Gravemeijer, McKenney and Nieveen. This research consists of 3 stages, namely analysis, design and...

The standard economic model of occupational choice following a basic Roy model emphasizes individual selection and comparative advantage, but the sources of comparative advantage are not well understood. We employ a unique combination of Dutch survey and registry data that links math and...

This study presents an extensive analysis of the research landscape concerning the application of computational and mathematical techniques in cocoa farming from 2000 to 2020. The methodology comprises a two-stage process: a bibliometric analysis of 1,886 peer-reviewed documents and a...

In the pursuit of understanding collective intelligence, the Hong-Page Theorems have been presented as cornerstones of the interplay between diversity and ability. However, upon rigorous examination, there seem to be inherent flaws and misinterpretations within these theorems. Hélène...