This paper elaborates a typology of regionalized abortion policy based on a comparative case study of Italy and the United States. Italy originally legalized abortion in 1978 and has seen little effort to modify the law since. Contrastingly, the United States' abortion landscape has been in near...

Die öffentliche Diskussion um das Lieferkettengesetz und die Lieferkettenrichtlinie reißt auch Jahre nach dem Inkrafttreten nicht ab. Einerseits äußern sich zahlreiche Stimmen in der Politik öffentlich gegen das Gesetz. Viele Unternehmen, die Erfahrung mit der Umsetzung des Gesetzes...

This paper elaborates a typology of regionalized abortion policy based on a comparative case study of Italy and the United States. Italy originally legalized abortion in 1978 and has seen little effort to modify the law since. Contrastingly, the United States’ abortion landscape has been in...

Positive obligations stemming from international human rights law require states to realize fundamental rights. This Perspective argues that those human rights obligations may serve as basis for the conceptualization of a duty to regulate in investment law. Furthermore, it reflects on the...

The aim of paper is to define differences between Czech legislation and European law established by law or other valid legal regulations and to point out key areas that are different and key principles for transfer of European and Czech human rights and responsibilities arising employment legal...

This paper provides an overview of both long-standing and new legal and policy developments concerning Environmental Human Rights Defenders (EHRDs). The focus is on four major components: i) observing different approaches and understandings about EHRDs; ii) analysing the content of international...

This paper provides an overview of both long-standing and new legal and policy developments concerning Environmental Human Rights Defenders (EHRDs). The focus is on four major components: i) observing different approaches and understandings about EHRDs; ii) analysing the content of international...

Did you know that EU citizenship gives you rights and benefits that are in addition to the rights you enjoy as a citizen of an EU Member State? Not only that, but EU citizenship gives you a voice to shape the future of Europe. Here you'll find everything you need to know about the rights you...

Did you know that EU citizenship gives you rights and benefits that are in addition to the rights you enjoy as a citizen of an EU Member State? Not only that, but EU citizenship gives you a voice to shape the future of Europe. Here you'll find everything you need to know about the rights you...

Die öffentliche Diskussion um das Lieferkettengesetz und die Lieferkettenrichtlinie reißt auch Jahre nach dem Inkrafttreten nicht ab. Einerseits äußern sich zahlreiche Stimmen in der Politik öffentlich gegen das Gesetz. Viele Unternehmen, die Erfahrung mit der Umsetzung des Gesetzes...

This Brief examines the challenges in implementing laws protecting women's land rights in Sub-Saharan Africa. While some progress has been made in enacting legal protections, remaining discriminatory legislation, weak enforcement mechanisms, and conflicting rules and norms, notably, those...

The Fundamental Rights Report 2025 provides a comprehensive overview of the state of fundamental rights in the European Union, highlighting major developments and trends in 2024. An introductory chapter provides an overview of the fundamental rights landscape in the EU in 2024 in the changing...

The Fundamental Rights Report 2025 provides a comprehensive overview of the state of fundamental rights in the European Union, highlighting major developments and trends in 2024. An introductory chapter provides an overview of the fundamental rights landscape in the EU in 2024 in the changing...

Following more than twelve months' discussion in the Council, the European Union's Global Human Rights Sanctions Regime was adopted in December 2020 - a cause for celebration in the human rights community. Having been designed to address human rights violations as well as abuses and corruption...

Following more than twelve months' discussion in the Council, the European Union's Global Human Rights Sanctions Regime was adopted in December 2020 - a cause for celebration in the human rights community. Having been designed to address human rights violations as well as abuses and corruption...

Transnational repression arises when foreign governments reach across national borders to coerce, control and silence individuals in other countries using a broad range of methods, ranging from digital surveillance to extraterritorial killings. Amongst the primary targets of transnational...

Transnational repression arises when foreign governments reach across national borders to coerce, control and silence individuals in other countries using a broad range of methods, ranging from digital surveillance to extraterritorial killings. Amongst the primary targets of transnational...

The war in Sudan, which broke out on 15 April 2023 between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF), has triggered the largest humanitarian crisis in the world. Civilians are being directly attacked by the warring parties. The violent actors are destroying...

Immigrant rights have been found to be better protected in democracies than in authoritarian regimes, but there is no systematic test of different explanations of why this is the case. In this paper, we attempt to fill this gap by investigating which features of democratic political systems are...

The world is witnessing a rise in the number of international tourists travelling which is mainly caused by the fall in travelling costs and higher living standards. However, this has caused numerous negative impacts on the economy, the environment and the society. In the context of Mauritius,...

This in-depth analysis (IDA) explores the most prominent actors, cases and techniques of algorithmic authoritarianism together with the legal, regulatory and diplomatic framework related to AI-based biases as well as deliberate misuses. With the world leaning heavily towards digital...

FRA's Fundamental Rights Report 2024 reviews major developments in the field in 2023. Given the backdrop of threats to fundamental rights and freedoms in Europe today, FRA's annual report is a timely review of the most pressing issues. It also presents FRA's opinions on these developments,...

FRA's Fundamental Rights Report 2024 reviews major developments in the field in 2023. Given the backdrop of threats to fundamental rights and freedoms in Europe today, FRA's annual report is a timely review of the most pressing issues. It also presents FRA's opinions on these developments,...

This in-depth analysis (IDA) explores the most prominent actors, cases and techniques of algorithmic authoritarianism together with the legal, regulatory and diplomatic framework related to AI-based biases as well as deliberate misuses. With the world leaning heavily towards digital...

This briefing considers how the monitoring and enforcement of human rights clauses in the European Union's (EU) agreements have evolved to promote human rights compliance. A series of recommendations will be presented with a focus on the themes of consultation, monitoring, and enforcement....

This briefing considers how the monitoring and enforcement of human rights clauses in the European Union's (EU) agreements have evolved to promote human rights compliance. A series of recommendations will be presented with a focus on the themes of consultation, monitoring, and enforcement....

EU citizenship is a unique concept. If you are a national of one of the 27 EU Member States, then you are also automatically an EU citizen. This enables you to enjoy certain rights and benefits that are distinct from being a national of an EU Member State. What's more, these rights are valid in...

This report provides an overview of the country visits organised by the EESC Fundamental Rights and Rule of Law (FRRL) group in 2022. It deals with six country visits to Greece, Finland, Slovakia, Portugal, Sweden and Slovenia. The report follows the two previous synthesis reports, which covered...