The design of an operationally and militarily prepared Bundeswehr of the future requires the consideration of multiple facets. Its operation requires reliable access to economic resources (labour, capital, land) and their efficient management. This completely addresses the contradiction between...

We provide a selective overview of the literature on the linkages between interstate conflict and international trade, paying special attention to how trade openness (i) affects arming incentives, (ii) the channels through which its effects travel, and (iii) its consequences for the emergence of...

Following decades of US government-led initiatives to open data and to encourage data flows, it came as a shock to many US trade partners when the Biden administration announced in October 2023 that it would withdraw its support for proposals to encourage cross-border free flow of data being...

This Perspective outlines the avenues, and potential obstacles, that may be encountered when a foreign investor challenges a state's invocation of national security interests in an international arbitration setting. This Perspective additionally considers the implications that increasingly...

When considering the benefits of a strong United States military, it is natural to think of the military's crucial role in protecting Americans from foreign adversaries and providing security and stability around the world. But safeguarding America's interests at home and abroad offers the...

Geoeconomic pressure - the use of existing economic relationships by governments to achieve geopolitical or economic ends - has become a prominent feature of global power dynamics. This paper introduces a methodology using large language models (LLMs) to systematically extract signals of...

The design of an operationally and militarily prepared Bundeswehr of the future requires the consideration of multiple facets. Its operation requires reliable access to economic resources (labour, capital, land) and their efficient management. This completely addresses the contradiction between...

The author shows that the US as the world's largest investor abroad so far shuns the most dynamic host region East Asia including China and instead continues to focus on investment in Europe. In contrast, Germany follows a different path. Similar to trade, German companies have been very active...

Die US-Außenpolitik betrachtet wirtschaftliche Sicherheit über Parteigrenzen hinweg als Teil der "nationalen Sicherheit", besonders gegenüber China. Im Wettstreit mit China greifen die USA zunehmend auf außenwirtschaftliche Zwangsinstrumente zurück, die zum Teil auch gegen Unternehmen in...

This study investigates the role of economic sanctions within contemporary national security strategies, focusing on their impact, motivations, and implications for sender states. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the research combines qualitative and quantitative methodologies to...

The purpose of this article is to present a contemporary methodological approach to developing an effective strategy for implementing state financial assistance in the use of alternative energy technologies for critical infrastructure enterprises. The object of the study is critical...

Europe's Information and Communication Technology (ICT) sector, including ICT manufacturing such as telecom equipment and electronic components, as well as ICT services such as software, telecommunication services, and data processing, is no longer merely an economic pillar but a strategic asset...

Openness to foreign investments is associated with national security risks. To mitigate these risks, many high-income countries have strengthened the control of foreign investments in an increasing number of sectors considered security-sensitive. However, this policy may deter foreign...

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to try to reach the main factors that could put national security at risk as a result of government cloud computing programs. Design/methodology/approach The paper adopts the analytical approach to first lay foundations of the relation between national...

Managing military operations across and between teams of partner nations remains a first-order challenge to security and development during conflict. NATO, under the umbrella of the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF), brought together troops from 28 countries to help enhance security...

A Theory of Auditability for Allocation Mechanisms Managing military operations across and between teams of partner nations remains a first-order challenge to security and development during conflict. NATO, under the umbrella of the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF), brought...

The United States sees the rise of authoritarian China as the primary risk to its national security and the global order. US foreign policy views the economy across party lines as being part of "national security" - especially vis-à-vis China. In its competition with China, the United States is...

Die US-Außenpolitik betrachtet wirtschaftliche Sicherheit über Parteigrenzen hinweg als Teil der "nationalen Sicherheit", besonders gegenüber China. Im Wettstreit mit China greifen die USA zunehmend auf außenwirtschaftliche Zwangsinstrumente zurück, die zum Teil auch gegen Unternehmen in...

Openness to foreign investments is associated with risks. To mitigate these risks, many high-income countries have strengthened the control of foreign investments over the last decade in an increasing number of sectors considered critical. Investment screening distorts the market for...

Lithuania's immediate fiscal challenges are national security and higher costs of borrowing, but fiscal prospects are further exacerbated by long-term pressures stemming from climate change and a shrinking and aging population. The country has experienced a rapidly decreasing population-from 3.7...

Today the liberal international economic order, with the World Trade Organization as its core institution, faces an increasingly difficult future. International tensions between members states threatens to unwind historical liberalization of international trade and investment. This chapter will...

Recent events have clarified the interdependence of national security and energy supply. Specifically, it has become increasingly evident that heavy reliance on foreign fossil fuel supply may come at a national security cost. The present study derives the optimal policy of a net fossil fuel...

Edward Snowden’s disclosures of secret National Security Agency documents have significant implications for Canadian national security law. Snowden’s revelation that the Communications Security Establishment Canada (CSEC) attempted to spy on the Brazilian government is analyzed to determine:...

There has been a tectonic shift in the trade relationship between the United States and China. This can be seen in the passage of new U.S. legislation, recent U.S. trade restrictions on exports and investment transactions with China, and worsening U.S. relations with the WTO, particularly its...

The tight fiscal space in the national government’s budget remains to be a challenge for all agencies. This has been exacerbated by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. This paper is the first phase of the research on increasing and sustaining investments in national security, and focuses on how the...

The concept of national security has evolved to address a range of threats, including non-State actors and non-military and non-human threats, such as economic crises, cybersecurity, terrorism, iand climate change. In particular, some States are vigorously expanding the notion of national...

We examine whether and how the implementation of national security policies by the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS) affects corporate investment. CFIUS can block a foreign takeover of a US company when its closing threatens to impair the national security of the...

Cryptocurrencies can be a haven for criminals, terrorists, and sanction evaders. The early, romantic ideology underlying blockchain technology envisioned a decentralized currency without geographical boundaries, governmental supervision, central bank control, or any identification required....

In recent weeks, Japan’s government under Prime Minister Kishida Fumio has im­plemented significant adjustments to the country’s security policy. In December 2022, Tokyo published a new National Security Strategy along with two other defence-related strategic documents. In doing so, the...

The 1984 anti-Sikh riots in India was a watershed for the Sikh community in India. Hundreds of thousands of Sikhs left India to settle in Canada, UK, USA and Australia. These NRI Sikhs now want to carve out Punjab as an independent country called Khalistan. Yet these desires do not have sanction...

Investors facing a national security review under the Investment Canada Act receive little in the way of information during the process. The absence of information exposes the process to criticism from investors, vendors and the public.For investments that require a full national security...