Biodiversity is essential for ecological stability, human well-being, and economic progress, providing critical ecosystem services such as clean water, food, and climate regulation. However, it faces unprecedented threats, with extinction rates accelerating to 1,000 times the natural baseline...

This report is about the intersection of two major crises of the 21st century-the sustainability crisis and the social exclusion and inequality crisis. The world is facing massive environmental degradation. Some of these challenges-including climate change, ecosystem collapse, and ocean...

This paper explores inclusive conservation through the lens of critical localism, examining the complex power dynamics between conservation efforts and Indigenous Peoples and local communities (IPLCs). It addresses how conservation has evolved from exclusionary 'fortress conservation' approaches...

This report introduces the Protected Area Management Effectiveness (PAME) and the Protected Area Governance and Equity (PAGE) concepts and most frequently used tools and then provides guidelines on the usage of the relative web modules of the BIOPAMA Reference Information System (RIS) developed...

This briefing provides an overview of wild pollinators, the main drivers of their decline and solutions to protect and restore them. It highlights the importance of establishing an EU-wide standardised monitoring framework of pollinators. The briefing is published in the context of the Nature...

Protected areas are crucial for landscape-scale conservation, but striking a balance between centralised guidance (heteronomy) and local autonomy (self-determination) is essential. This balance is particularly important for parks that cross administrative boundaries or impose land-use...

While climate change is widely considered as a major challenge for societies, another pressing global environmental problem, i.e. the loss of biodiversity, is often given less attention despite its strong negative consequences for ecosystems and thus for human life. In light of the strong...

This Atlas embodies years of work by the European Commission Joint Research Centre in collaboration with its partners in Africa and further afield to share the knowledge acquired over the many years of work around protected areas in Africa. It aims at providing technical and scientific input of...

This Atlas embodies years of work by the European Commission Joint Research Centre in collaboration with its partners in Africa and further afield to share the knowledge acquired over the many years of work around protected areas in Africa. It aims at providing technical and scientific input of...

Habitat fragmentation threatens biodiversity by disrupting ecological connectivity. To support conservation planning, we evaluate which spatial connectivity metrics best predict species occurrence. We do so by comparing six common connectivity metrics as predictors of occurrence patterns of...

Concentration on elite breeding lines has endangered a number of traditional dairy breeds. Although several of those breeds are known for superior functional traits such as robustness, they are increasingly replaced by Holstein cows. A discrete choice experiment with 159 breeders revealed the...

Green marketing is a tool used to encourage the promotion of goods or services, which mainly seeks to safeguard the environment from social, political, and economic activities. The objective of this study was to design green marketing strategies to promote nature tourism in the Coto de Caza El...

The economics of biodiversity are still little understood and the loss of nature, which provides pollination, clean water and other ecosystem services, is often considered to have primarily local economic impact. But nature has an intrinsic value and also has extrinsic value to many parts of the...

Large-scale ecosystem restoration is an urgent necessity in Europe to achieve the goal of recovering nature to a biodiverse and resilient state, whilst simultaneously mitigating against climate change. This report examines the current condition of European ecosystems and the landscape of...

In the western coast of Sardinia, the Gulf of Oristano hosts a dense system of rivers, lagoons and salt marshes. an essential ecosystem for mitigating global warming and providing resilience against sea level rise, flooding events, storms and extreme precipitation. To effectively fulfil their...

Having experienced a high economic growth rate, China is entering into a low one as the country needs to carry out policy reforms for better governance. In recent years, the national park system reform has been one of the pilot policies that has attracted great attention from local governments...

This paper analyzes the impact of trade openness on education and environmental preservation choices in a two country model where both countries only differ in their shares of skilled workers. Parents may invest in their children's education increasing their probability to become skilled and in...

Green infrastructure has emerged as an opportunity to balance sociocultural and ecological benefits, alongside the potential for biodiversity conservation in cities. However, key design challenges that remain unsolved including 1) how to effectively balance biodiversity conservation and...

The global increase in greenhouse gases is also changing the climate conditions more severely in Germany. This particularly affects local cultivated landscapes, which cover large parts of Germany and are already experiencing a wide range of ecological problems. Although agricultural land use...