Russia apparently aims to be capable of attacking targets in the Baltic Sea region from Lake Ladoga, which is located north of Saint Petersburg and only 40 kilometres from the Finnish border. Since 2023, Russia has been evaluating the deployment of corvettes equipped with cruise missiles there....

As a part of a two-volume series, this report provides a strategic assessment of Finland, Sweden, Denmark and Germany in the context of escalating geopolitical threats in the Baltic Sea region. It analyses how each country has recalibrated its defence posture - through adjustments to military...

The study focuses on the deployment of renewable and low-carbon gases in the Baltic Energy Market Interconnection Plan (BEMIP) region, focusing on the 8 BEMIP Member States (Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, and Sweden). The report 1) assesses the economic and...

The study focuses on the deployment of renewable and low-carbon gases in the Baltic Energy Market Interconnection Plan (BEMIP) region, focusing on the 8 BEMIP Member States (Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, and Sweden). The report 1) assesses the economic and...

Kaliningrad Oblast was created as a war trophy and a symbol of Soviet victory over Nazi Germany in 1945/1946. For nearly seven decades, it played a strictly military role in Soviet and Russian foreign policy, mostly limited to its Baltic Sea surroundings. This changed when Vladimir Putin came...

This report explores key challenges and priorities in safeguarding Europe's critical energy infrastructure against both physical and cyber threats amid rising geopolitical tensions. It follows recent sabotage incidents and the extensive development of new offshore energy infrastructure planned...

Due to its strategic immensity and opportunities for covert action, the maritime domain has become the most prominent arena of modern-day great power rivalry. In the shadow of this confrontation and the Russian war of aggression against Ukraine, the Baltic Sea is now the focus of geopolitical...

Due to its strategic immensity and opportunities for covert action, the maritime domain has become the most prominent arena of modern-day great power rivalry. In the shadow of this confrontation and the Russian war of aggression against Ukraine, the Baltic Sea is now the focus of geopolitical...

This research presents a comparison of the impact of personal and environmental factors on the entrepreneurial intention of students living in Baltic Sea region countries. Data on students' intentions to start their own businesses was obtained from 10054 respondents studying in Estonia, Finland,...

Aufgrund seiner strategischen Weite und der Möglichkeiten zu verdecktem Agieren ist der maritime Raum zum wichtigsten Schauplatz globaler Großmachtrivalität geworden. Im Schatten dieser Auseinandersetzung und des russischen Angriffskrieges in der Ukraine ist die Ostsee in den Fokus...

Aufgrund seiner strategischen Weite und der Möglichkeiten zu verdecktem Agieren ist der maritime Raum zum wichtigsten Schauplatz globaler Großmachtrivalität geworden. Im Schatten dieser Auseinandersetzung und des russischen Angriffskrieges in der Ukraine ist die Ostsee in den Fokus...

"This book analyses the potential for active stakeholder engagement in the energy transition in the Baltic Sea Region (BSR) in order to foster clean energy deployment. Public acceptability and bottom-up activities can be critical for enduring otucomes to an energy transition. As a result, it is...

Changes in travellers' behaviour are among the most significant issues in the recent revolution of the tourism industry. The perception of perceived value and quality lead to rethinking priorities and choices while travelling. The purpose of the article is to analyse the expression of...

Digital Health hat bereits in viele Länder Einzug gehalten, unterscheidet sich jedoch in Umsetzung, Entwicklung und Durchdringung. Dänemark, Schweden, Finnland, Norwegen und Estland zeigen sich in vergleichenden Ranglisten weit oben, Deutschland im unteren Mittelfeld. Dieses Buch analysiert,...

In the quantitative, macro-oriented triple helix literature, synergy is measured indirectly, through patent data, firm data and other secondary statistical sources. These macro-level quantitative studies do not open up for understanding how different processes of cooperation create different...

As the rise of China is increasingly viewed as a security-related threat, Europe's engagement with China is entering a new phase. This report investigates emerging threat perceptions of China in the Baltic Sea region, focusing specifically on six liberal small states: Denmark, Estonia, Finland,...

The paper at hand discusses the different typologies of combined transportation in Europe. It shows that an improvement of handling infrastructure for combined transport can positively reduce environmental costs of trading between regions. However, the expected emission reduction effects are...

This DIIS Report identifies Russian national interests in the BSR (Baltic Sea Region) and discusses whether there are continuities and changes in these interests in the post-Crimea era. The Russian discourse on the BSR is explored, including Russian foreign policy schools and official foreign...

"This book analyses the potential for active stakeholder engagement in the energy transition in the Baltic Sea Region (BSR) in order to foster clean energy deployment. Public acceptability and bottom-up activities can be critical for enduring otucomes to an energy transition. As a result, it is...

For Germany and the other large BSR neighbors Poland an the Russian Federation Baltic Sea trade is of minor importance. The BSR is only one integration area — i.e. destination of its exports and origin of its imports — among a lot of peers being located in other directions of the compass...

For Germany and the other large BSR neighbors Poland an the Russian Federation Baltic Sea trade is of minor importance. The BSR is only one integration area - i.e. destination of its exports and origin of its imports - among a lot of peers being located in other directions of the compass rose....

The ongoing structural change towards the service and knowledge societies, innovations, and the increasing integration of markets will have considerable influence on the European Union, particularly on the Eastern members of EU. In March 2010, the European Commission released the Europe-2020...

The EU Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region (EUSBSR) was the first EU macro-regional strategy to be adopted by the European Commission and endorsed by the European Council in 2009. The Strategy unites eight EU Member States around the Baltic Sea, representing 80 million inhabitants or nearly 16 %...

"Monetisation and Commercialisation in the Baltic Sea, 1050-1450 explores the varied uses of silver and gold in the Baltic Sea zone during the medieval period. Ten original contributions examine coins and currencies, trade, economy, and power, taking care to avoid an out-of-date approach to...

This article reviews the main characteristics of both inward and outward foreign direct investment (FDI) in the Baltic Sea region. Among other questions, it explores the extent to which intra-regional flows have gained in importance over recent years. It highlights that both inflows and outflows...