Rund 28% des jährlichen Endenergieverbrauchs in Deutschland entfällt laut der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Energiebilanzen (AGEB) auf den Sektor der privaten Haushalte. Weitere 31% der Endenergie werden vom Verkehrssektor verbraucht. Haushalte verwenden Energie insbesondere für die Erzeugung von...

Im Rahmen der Konzertierten Aktion zur Abfederung der Folgen der Energiepreiskrise hat die Bundesregierung 2022 den Unternehmen die Möglichkeit eingeräumt, ihren Beschäftigten bis Ende 2024 jeweils bis zu 3.000 Euro steuer- und abgabenfrei auszuzahlen. Mit dieser Maßnahme sollten die...

In Folge der Bürgergeld-Reform erlebte die Debatte um das Lohnabstandsgebot eine wahre Renaissance: Lohnt sich Arbeit in Deutschland noch? Während Stimmen aus der Wissenschaft immer wieder darauf hinweisen, dass Arbeit auch nach der Bürgergeldreform immer mit einem Einkommenszugewinn...

The German Heating and Housing Panel is an annual series of surveys on the heating transition with around 15,000 participating households in Germany. The survey, carried out as part of the Kopernikus project Ariadne (see https://ariadneprojekt.de/en/) funded by the Federal Ministry of Education...

Large-scale debt forbearance is a key policy tool during crises, yet targeting is challenging due to information asymmetries. Using transaction-level data from a Portuguese bank during COVID-19, we find that financially fragile households are more likely to enter forbearance, irrespective of...

We field a series of experiments in a population-representative survey of European consumers to examine their attitudes towards the possible introduction of a digital euro. First, we show that a short video explaining the key features of the digital euro is effective in changing consumers'...

Are restrictions on fiscal policy necessary for monetary policy to be able to deliver price stability? When households are Ricardian, the net present value of future fiscal surpluses needs to equate the real value of government debt absent inflation. We show that when households are not...

We provide annual estimates of inequality in monthly per capita household earnings in India over the period 2017/18 to 2022/23 based on analysis of India's Periodic Labour Force Surveys. Over the six years, the estimate of inequality as measured by the Gini coefficient is in the range of 0.40 to...

Low-carbon energy transition, which includes the replacement of fossil fuels with low-carbon energy infrastructure, the removal of subsidies, and other measures, requires households to be able to pay for low-carbon energy services. Economic shocks such as the coronavirus disease pandemic and...

Water conservation is crucial for human sustainable development, particularly in the face of increasing global challenges such as freshwater scarcity, rapid urbanization, and climate change. This study employs structural equation modeling (SEM) to investigate water conservation behaviors among...

We assess household burdens from a carbon tax with revenue recycling, comparing them to burdens from price changes during the recent cost-of-living crisis. We focus on Lithuania, an OECD country that attained high-income status a decade ago, and that recently enacted a €60/ton CO2 carbon tax...

Integrating resilience and vulnerability components is critical in understanding urbanization impacts on farming household livelihood strategies. This study aims to combine methods and concepts of resilience and vulnerability, that are independently analyzed by previous research to grasp...

Household debt is a critical component of family financial management, especially considering the prevalence of credit constraints. This study investigates the determinants of Chinese household debt structure, focusing on the choice between formal and informal borrowing and the proportion of...

Im Rahmen der Konzertierten Aktion zur Abfederung der Folgen der Energiepreiskrise hat die Bundesregierung 2022 den Unternehmen die Möglichkeit eingeräumt, ihren Beschäftigten bis Ende 2024 jeweils bis zu 3.000 Euro steuer- und abgabenfrei auszuzahlen. Mit dieser Maßnahme sollten die...

We analyze the effect of adverse health shocks on households' expenditure shares in different good categories using a fixed-effects approach and a structural approach based on microeconomic theory. We find that, on average, households substitute health and food expenditure in response to adverse...

Using longitudinal, nationally representative data from Australia, this study uncovers a previously undocumented pattern: in over half of cases where one household member reports weather-related home damage, their co-resident does not. This high rate of intra-household inconsistency is striking,...

Using a monthly panel dataset of individuals' debt, we show that house price changes can explain a significant fraction of personal debt composition dynamics. We exploit the variation in local house price growth as shocks to homeowners' housing wealth to study the consequential adjustment of...

The residential sector is one of the main consumers of energy in Nepal, with cooking being a major end-use. Unprocessed solid biomass fuels are the primary cooking fuels, with approximately 60% of households relying on them for their cooking needs. However, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), which...

This paper empirically examines the causal effects of population concentration on household consumption in China and explores the underlying mechanisms. After addressing endogeneity concerns from various sources, our results show that a 1% increase in urban population density leads to a 0.43...

Using a life-cycle model of household consumption and investment under family transitions, we investigate the long-run financial outcomes of divorces. We find divorce leads to a reduction in wealth, and the loss is larger for higher-educated women. Earlier fertility and a smaller parenthood...

Large-scale debt forbearance is a key policy tool during crises, yet targeting is challenging due to information asymmetries. Using transaction-level data from a Portuguese bank during COVID-19, we find that financially fragile households are more likely to enter forbearance, irrespective of...

This 2024 edition of the energy prices and costs report follows a period of exceptional turbulence on global and European energy markets since 2020. The sustained period of high energy prices has had, and despite prices returning towards pre-crisis levels, continues to have, serious implications...

The purpose of this publication is to provide the compilers of European statistics on the use of information and communication technology (ICT) in households and by individuals with clarifications on how to apply the EU legal provisions. With the help of explanations and legal references, the...

Digital skills are increasingly essential for full participation in modern life. Yet many low-income families face a dual digital divide: limited access to technology and limited ability to use it effectively. These gaps can undermine adults' ability to support their children's education,...