Curricula impart knowledge, instill values, and shape collective memory. Despite growing public funding for religious schools through U.S. school choice programs, little is known about what they teach. We examine textbooks from public schools, religious private schools, and home schools,...

The report assesses two Department of Education's (DepEd) student financial assistance schemes under the Government Assistance to Students and Teachers in Private Education (GASTPE) program. Those schemes are the Educational Service Contracting (ESC) and the Senior High School Voucher (SHSV)...

The pandemic induced a substantial enrollment shift away from public schools in fall 2020 and a partial return of students in fall 2021, leaving longer-term impacts unclear. We use Massachusetts state- and district-level data to explore enrollment patterns five years after the pandemic's onset....

The pandemic induced a substantial enrollment shift away from public schools in fall 2020 and a partial return of students in fall 2021, leaving longer-term impacts unclear. We use Massachusetts state- and district-level data to explore enrollment patterns five years after the pandemic's onset....

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic affected education through school closures and disruptive shocks to household income, health, and economic activity. Using data from a survey carried out in 2024 in 108 rural villages as a continuation of the Learning and Educational Achievement in...

This study provides empirical data to expose the role of school owners' financial literacy in the relationship between access to finance and the provision of school resources among private schools in south- west Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was adopted to determine the participants...

We investigate the role of political favouritism in the private education market. Using constituency-level panel data and a close-election regression discontinuity design, we estimate the causal effect of having a politician aligned with the state ruling party on the growth of private...

We use data from a large field experiment where young students were pulled out of their regular classes and offered mathematics instruction in small homogenous groups, to investigate the importance of the tutors' instructional practices. The analyzes are limited to low achievers, and the...

Research on voucher schools has mainly focused on whether students experience improved academic results in these schools and whether they generate competitive pressure for public schools. In this paper we focus instead on the role voucher schools might play in altering the menu of options...

Using longitudinal school data from India, this paper examines enrolment trends of socially disadvantaged children post the Right to Education (RTE) Act, which mandated the reservation of 25% of private school places for such children. Post-RTE, a significant increase is observed in...

Under the Right to Education Act (2009), the Indian government introduced a policy that required private schools to reserve 25% of primary school places for children from socially disadvantaged households. This paper examines the impact of the RTE Act's reservation policy on private school...

This paper studies school choice and information frictions in Haiti. Through a randomized control trial, we assess the impact of disclosing school-level test score information on learning outcomes, prices, and market shares. We find evidence that in markets where information was disclosed,...

A growing literature demonstrates the role of private schools in narrowing the housing premium associated with high-quality public schools under a community-based public education system. However, there is little evidence on how policy shocks that limit access to private schools affect this...

This essay analyzes the inconsistencies in Milton Friedman's proposal for a market-based public education system through school vouchers. The author argues that voucher policy has been executed inefficiently and has become a political tool for the religious right, tied to issues of race, class,...

This working paper examines the evolving, complex and multifaceted relationship between the real estate industry and the education sector in China. The current crises in the private education and real estate sectors caused by policy shifts reflect the inter-meshing of the two sectors. The...

This paper examines the causal impact of school availability on private tutoring. I use a novel IV strategy and exploit variation across counties in high school construction to separate out the effect of high school construction on private tutoring through changes in availability. I find that an...

In recent times, private schools in Nigeria have witnessed a mass exodus of male teachers. This study, therefore, examined the causes, impacts and roles of management in teachers’ attrition in private schools after COVID-19. The study adopted a qualitative research design of phenomenological...

We estimate the equilibrium effects of a public school grant program administered through school councils in Pakistani villages with multiple public and private schools and clearly defined catchment boundaries. The program was randomized at the village level, allowing us to estimate its causal...

Recently revived “dog-whistle” political calls by the UK Labour Party to end the so-called “scandal of tax beaks for UK private schools” , combined with Labour’s robust opinion poll lead over the Conservatives in the run in towards the scheduled 2025 UK General Election, make it look...

This paper investigates the implications of the collaboration between public and private human capital investments on GDP per capita and income inequality. It extends an overlapping generations model with heterogeneous agents and endogenous growth that allows for educational investments through...

The Labour party has proposed a package of policies to remove tax exemptions from private schools. Most importantly in revenue terms, it has proposed levying VAT on private school fees. The revenue raised would then be used to increase state school spending and would be targeted at pupils from...

Learning styles of students affect their academic outcomes. Students studying in different schools adopt different learning styles. In this research work done with the aim of studying the significance of difference in learning styles of higher secondary level students studying in different...

This paper studies school choice and information in the context of education markets in rural Haiti. Using a market level randomized control trial, we evaluate the aggregate effect of providing test score information on subsequent test scores, prices, and enrollment. After the intervention, we...

The private school sector has expanded with almost no public intervention to educate half of primary school children in many urban centers in Africa and Asia. Simple comparisons of test scores would suggest that these private schools may provide better quality than public schools, but how much...

Does employers' association (EA) membership affect wages? Such effects, positive or negative, could follow from increased productivity, employer collusion, or other channels. We analyse this question drawing on matched employer-employee panel data, including time-varying EA affiliation and...

This report aims to shed light on how private schools, and especially low-fee private schools, manage to cope with borrowing money and repaying loans with interest made by Accion, a licensed micro-finance bank operating in Nigeria. Products were designed especially for schools, including “My...

This paper uses new data to study school management and productivity in India. We report four main results. First, management quality in public schools is low, and ~2σ below high-income countries with comparable data. Second, private schools have higher management quality, driven by much...

Grade inflation in high schools is potentially problematic for students, education institutions, and society. We examine the extent of potential grading inflation in courses taken during high school and how such differences vary across student and school characteristics. Utilizing longitudinal,...

Single parenthood is on the rise worldwide. While acceptance of single-parent households is increasing, some authors point out that single-parent families still suffer from negative societal attitudes compared to heterosexual two-parent families, while also being among the most vulnerable groups...