We evaluate the influence on the skill premium of the task content of jobs by exploiting the text data from online job ads covering 2009-2018 (over 189,000 ads) published by one of the leading Chilean online job portals (www.trabajando.com). Our analysis tests the expected complementarity...

This policy brief draws on the findings of Tverdostup et al. (2025) to examine Austrian firms' responses to labour shortages through automation and migration. Like many European nations, Austria has been grappling with labour shortages over the past decade. These shortages have been influenced...

Digitalisation in the public sector presents both opportunities and challenges, impacting working conditions, work organisation and social dialogue, yet research on its effects remains limited, especially in Germany. In particular, the role of digitalisation in shaping work dynamics, workload...

Der Bericht beleuchtet die Bedeutung der Anerkennung ausländischer Berufsqualifikationen für die Fachkräftesicherung aus Sicht von Unternehmen in Deutschland. Die Anerkennung fördert die nachhaltige und qualifikationsgerechte Integration von Fachkräften in den Arbeitsmarkt, verbessert deren...

Governments across the globe are implementing stricter environmental policies to combat climate change and promote sustainability. This study contributes to the growing literature exploring the influence of environmental policy on skill-biased employment across various occupations. Specifically,...

Artificial intelligence (AI) is the next general-purpose technology reshaping labour markets, jobs and skills. A lack of representative data makes it difficult to map AI use and its impact on jobs. This policy brief presents the first results of Cedefop's 2024 AI skills survey. The survey shows...

Cedefop's Labour and Skills Shortage Index (LSSI) aims to provide a standardised measure of occupational shortages that can inform decision-making regarding workforce and learning needs in the European Union.

This publication, the fourth in a series of practical Cedefop skills anticipation guides, was developed in collaboration with UNESCO-UNEVOC. It focuses on skills intelligence and VET for the green transition. The guide highlights the value of sound skills intelligence and smart governance in...

The world is undergoing a period of profound change, driven by rapid technological change and digitalisation, climate change, globalisation and demographic shifts. These forces are reshaping economies and labour markets globally, albeit at different speeds. This transformation brings...

The world is undergoing a period of profound change, driven by rapid technological change and digitalisation, climate change, globalisation and demographic shifts. These forces are reshaping economies and labour markets globally, albeit at different speeds. This transformation brings...

We analyze the importance of the educated class for the persistence of mass consumption societies in an economy with a hierarchy of needs.Through the demand for managerial talent (which is needed to operate advanced industrial technologies), the latter generate their own demand for skills. In...

Digital skills are increasingly vital for enhancing employability, as they equip individuals to meet the evolving demands of the modern workforce. Therefore, this paper examines the impact of digital skills on employability, focusing on the influence of both basic and above-basic levels of...

Skill requirements in a job post reflect an employer’s “wish list,” but do they also reflect skills used on the job by the hired worker? We compare skill measures derived from the text of online job posts with individual-level data from the Danish Labour Force Survey (LFS) in which...

The Initiative for coal regions in transition has developed this toolkit as part of its knowledge products to assist practitioners in coal regions (including peat and oil shale regions) across Europe. The aim of this toolkit is to help stakeholders to address the upskilling and reskilling needs...

In the 2021-2027 programming period, the European Social Fund Plus (ESF+), European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), and Just Transition Fund (JTF) play a significant role in support to skills. Additional funds, such as the Recovery and Resilience Fund (RRF), Erasmus+, Technical Support...

Transversal skills like critical thinking, teamwork, and learning skills are essential for work, education and daily life. Developing and recognising these skills play an important role in promoting sustainable economic growth, social inclusion, and competitiveness. The EU supports employers,...

Purpose: To identify the skills that, in the processes of digitalization and Industry 4.0, contribute to improving the professional behaviours of the employees involved in these processes.Design/methodology/approach: For this purpose, a Delphi study was carried out, collecting the opinions of 38...

We document a steady decline in low-skilled immigration that began with the onset of the Great Recession in 2007, which was associated with labor shortages in low-skilled service occupations and a decline in the skill premium. Falling returns to high-skilled jobs coincided with a decline in the...

Der Fachbeitrag stellt den Nachteilsausgleich in der Berufsbildung als Schlüssel und Stellschraube zur Inklusion behinderter Menschen und zur Fachkräftequalifizierung vor. Grundlegende Ausführungen zur rechtlichen Verankerung des Anspruchs auf Nachteilsausgleich in Grundgesetz, VN-Konvention...

The coexistence of several definitions of green jobs and measurement instruments gives room for mismatches between those concepts and their application to research questions. This paper first presents an organizing framework for the existing definitions, measurement instruments, and policy...

Firms in developed countries face increasing shortages of young workers. This paper studies the importance of young workers, particularly vocational trainees, for firm technology investments. Leveraging exogenous variation in trainee supply caused by an education reform in Germany in 2001, I...

We study how artificial intelligence (AI) affects labour demand at the establishment level. We use the share of AI related vacancy postings at the establishment level to measure efforts to develop, implement or use AI technologies. Low overall AI vacancy shares show that we study a phase of...