Research & development (R&D) subsidies, especially defense R&D spending, raise private R&D investment (a crowd-in effect). Public R&D funding increases employment without driving up wages. Supported industries see gains in productivity. International spillovers amplify the impact across...

Canada and other members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) are facing higher defence-spending targets in response to growing geopolitical tensions. NATO's 2025 Hague Summit Declaration requires member states to increase their defence spending to five percent of their GDP by 2035....

The complexities of multipolarity, heightened global tensions, and increasing militarisation are reshaping the disarmament, arms control and non-proliferation landscape within the United Nations. This report examines these evolving dynamics, contextualising their historical importance and...

Manuscript type: Research Article. Research Aims: The main objective of this study is to examine the factors that affect the conversion on the food delivery application services, namely Gofood and Grabfood in Indonesia. Design/methodology/approach: Mixed method by conducting focus group...

We develop a theory of conversations. Two agents with different interests take turns choosing the topic of the conversation. Talking about a single topic allows them to delve deeper, making the conversation more informative (or enjoyable). To capture this dynamic, we assume that the marginal...

We estimate Costa Rica’s peace dividend following the end of the civil war and the army’s abolition in 1949 with synthetic control. The country’s average per capita GDP growth increased from 1.42% to 2.28% between 1950-2010, relative to a counterfactual Costa Rica that did not take this...

This paper analyzes the implications of demilitarization on economic growth. I create a new dataset of military transitions since 1960 and measure the effect of demilitarization in countries that reduced their military capabilities and subsided aggressive or violent behavior. Semiparametric...

In this study, an update of the SSP GDP projections is presented. The update captures the impact of the Covid 19 pandemic by using the most recent economic data and short-term projections by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. Harmonization between the data and the original...

The keynote address to the Open Source/Open Society Conference, delivered on 22 August 2016. The address introduces Sir Geoffrey Palmer and Dr Andrew Butler’s new book, A Constitution for Aotearoa New Zealand, and discusses the shortcomings of New Zealand’s unwritten constitution

We study a model of social learning in networks where the dynamics of beliefs are driven by conversations of dissonance-minimizing agents. Given their current beliefs, agents make statements, tune them to the statements of their associates, and then revise their beliefs. We characterize the...

In this paper, we have experimentally demonstrated the transmission of probabilistic shaping (PS)-64 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal after all-optical wavelength conversion (AOWC) in homodyne coherent detection system. In additon,...

Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) pollution has become a major environmental problem in agricultural waste composting. However, little information was available about the how the PAEs alter bacterial community during composting. This study was firstly investigated the effects of di-n-butyl phthalate...

We develop a theory of conversations. Two agents with different interests take turns choosing the topic of the conversation. Talking about a single topic allows to delve deeper, making the conversation more informative (or enjoyable). To capture this, we assume that the marginal utility from...

Chapter 1: A new era in Conversational AI -- Chapter 2: Designing conversational systems -- Chapter 3: The Rise of Neural Conversational Systems -- Chapter 4: Large Language Models -- Chapter 5: Introduction to Prompt Engineering -- Chapter 6: Advanced Prompt Engineering -- Chapter 7:...

Given the role and importance of processing and complementary industries in preventing waste from agricultural products, the establishment of such industries can be considered as one of the most appropriate solutions for agricultural development. For this purpose, the data were collected for...

We study a model of social learning in networks where the dynamics of beliefs are driven by conversations of dissonance-minimizing agents. Given their current beliefs, agents make statements, tune them to the statements of their associates, and then revise their beliefs on the basis of those...

We study a model of social learning in networks where the dynamics of beliefs are driven by conversations of dissonance-minimizing agents. Given their current beliefs, agents make statements, tune them to the statements of their associates, and then revise their beliefs. We characterize the...

A large literature in neuroscience and social psychology shows that humans are wired to be meticulous about how they are perceived by others. In this paper, we propose that impression management considerations can also end up guiding the content that investors transmit via word of mouth and...

The paper examines the economic crisis in the Soviet Union and in this context analyses why arms control was so important from the Soviet point of view. It further discusses the organic relationship between disarmament and development, and rounds of with a case for conversion of Soviet military...

While the literature has documented negative effects of conflict on educational outcomes, there is little evidence on the effect of conflict termination. We show how the permanent ceasefire declared by FARC's insurgency during peace negotiations with the Colombian government caused a...

Even though many people have found today's commonly used videoconferencing systems very useful, these systems do not provide support for one of the most important aspects of in-person meetings: the ad hoc, private conversations that happen before, after, and during the breaks of scheduled...

Despite the proliferation of studies on the impact of military spending on economic growth, it is still not known whether defense spending hinders or promotes growth. Most analysts attribute the lack of consistent/robust findings to three problems: the lack of a sound theory of defense-growth...