Several factors contribute to the limited use of improved seed varieties in Ethiopia. Among those, on the supply side, is the restricted availability of seeds in the volume, quality, and timeliness required by farmers, partly due to inadequate public and private investment in the sector....

In the field of developmental neurotoxicity and endocrine disruption, there is a need for in vitro methods that are suitable for regulatory use and can measure specific changes in the human brain. In the search for a suitable, commercially available cell model, EURL ECVAM requested a contractor...

ERM®-BF415g is a matrix reference material produced within the scope of ISO 17034 accreditation [1]. It is certified for the mass fraction of the genetically modified (GM) maize event NK603 (unique identifier MON-ØØ6Ø3-6). NK603 maize seeds were milled, sieved and dried to obtain pure GM...

We study equilibrium behavior in incomplete‐information games under two information constraints: seeds and spillovers. The former restricts which agents can initially receive information. The latter specifies how this information spills over to other agents. Our main result characterizes the...

Maize is important for the economy as its output is widely used as raw material and intermediate goods by downstream sectors such as feed (62.72%) and processed flour (11.40%). Additionally, maize is the agricultural sector with the third-highest value-added, after rice and palm oil. Compared to...

To address the combined challenges of hidden hunger and climate vulnerability, crop breeding efforts over the last decades have focused on releasing crop varieties with resilient traits and higher nutrient content. Ensuring that those newly released varieties reach the types of farmers most...

Personality prediction has become an increasingly important area in psychological computing and human-centered AI, especially with the rise of user-generated textual data from social media platforms. However, current approaches - primarily based on supervised learning - face major challenges in...

Although many studies have examined the factors affecting structural transformation, the role of relative factor endowments has not been extensively explored. This paper examines the effects of the introduction of Bt cotton in India and finds substantial increases in cotton output and the land...

An examination of the dynamics of seed markets in Bihar, India, reveals a paradox-despite an influx of wheat varieties bred by public and private sectors and the proliferation of seed market networks in rural villages, older wheat varieties remain prevalent-necessitating a thorough investigation...

Seed purchasing enables farmers to respond to adverse events that may cause chronic and temporary seed insecurity by allowing them to exploit opportunities associated with accessing new seeds. However, as with other inputs, seed purchasing is complicated by pervasive market imperfections and...

ERM®-BF444c, ERM®-BF444d and ERM®-BF444e are three matrix materials certified for the mass fraction of DP202216 maize (unique identifier DP-2Ø2216-6), produced within the scope of ISO 17034 accreditation [1]. Genetically modified (GM) maize seeds of the DP202216 event and seeds from a non-GM...

ERM®-BF444a and ERM®-BF444b are matrix materials certified for the mass fraction of DP202216 maize (unique identifier DP-2Ø2216-6), produced within the scope of accreditation to ISO 17034:2016 [1]. Genetically modified (GM) maize seeds of the DP202216 event and seeds from a non-GM maize...

A CPVR is an IP right that grants an exclusive right in relation to a plant variety, provided that the latter complies with the legal requirements for protection provided by Council Regulation 2100/1994 (the "Basic Regulation") and the Regulation (EU) 2021/1873 of the European Parliament and of...

Agriculture is the major source of income and employment creation for majority of least developed countries. Ethiopia as one of least developed countries of sub Saharan Africa, majority of its citizen's livelihood is predominantly dependent on agricultural products, more specifcally on the...

I argue that increased consumption of vegetable seed oils high in omega-6 polyunsaturated fats has driven obesity in the United States, a link overlooked in the economics literature. Obesity rates have closely tracked the level of seed oils in the food supply since 1960, while diverging from...

The quality of production is related to a series of physical and chemical characteristics of plants which gives a positive mark to the applied agrotechnical methods for the correlation of the latter to the production obtained on the surface unit. A more intense accumulation of the biomass which...

Despite having a good scope of vegetable seeds as high value & low volume products, their profitable production is still elusive for the farmers. In this regard, a study was carried out to assess the economics of vegetable seed production and marketing in the Kavrepalanchowk district of Nepal....

Value chain approach is the most viable and pragmatic strategy for effective, inclusive, competitive and sustainable seed system of many crops globally. This study was conducted in Kailali, Dang and Siraha district of Terai and Inner Terai regions of Nepal to map and thoroughly analyze the value...

Farmer adoption of improved crop varieties can potentially increase yields and enhance household welfare in the developing world. However, the presence of measurement error in household surveys poses a serious challenge to estimating true returns to adopting improved varieties. Using the 2018/19...

The revegetation of highly phytotoxic sulfidic tailings is a challenging task which may often be successfully accomplished only following the addition of soil amendments. This study evaluated the use of green compost at increasing rates (10, 25 and 50% v/v) for the revegetation of highly acidic...

According to the EU's organic regulation, the use of organic seed is generally binding in organic farming. Because of an organic seed shortage, derogations to use nonorganic seed can be obtained. By 2036, the EU plans to phase out these derogations and achieve 100% organic seed use. Previous...

The purpose of this study was to assess how multiple expectations of seed systems outcomes, such as closing the yield gap, adapting to climate change, improving nutrition, ensuring equality, enhancing agro-biodiversity, and securing farmers' rights, influence seed systems development in...

ERM-BF447a-e are five maize seed powder materials certified for their mass fraction of maize event DP915635, (unique identifier code DP-915635-4) produced within the scope of accreditation to ISO 17034:2016 [1]. Genetically modified (GM) maize seeds of the DP915635 event and seeds from a non-GM...