The Korean shipping industry, which underwent consolidation of shipping companies in the 1980s, continued to grow with the recovery of the global economy from the late 1980s to the first half of the 1990s. The civilian government that came to power after 30 years of military rule gradually...

Seafaring continues to be risky despite the tremendous international effort to curb maritime accidents. While onboard, seafarers, as the principal human element in the maritime industry, must face myriad physical and mental stresses and dynamic safety challenges. So far, many of these challenges...

Ship owners and operators are continuously seeking financially viable ways to comply with the Sulphur emission limits set out by the IMO, which calls for a reduction of sulphur content in ship fuel to less than 0.5% in 2020. The prudent decision in managing required energy sources by...

The Red Sea crisis has emerged as a critical flashpoint of the conflict in the Middle East, upending global trade and maritime transport, port activity in the MENA region, and ecological balance of the Red Sea. The MENA Economic Policy Prosperity team, in collaboration with the DEC Data Lab, has...

Since 2018, the 'EU Maritime MRV Regulation', requires shipping companies to monitor and report their fuel consumption, greenhouse gas emissions and other key parameters for their ships when sailing to/from and between ports of the European Economic Area (EEA). Every year, the European...

The EU's ambition is zero water pollution by 2030. In view of this, we assessed EU actions to address ship-source seawater pollution. Overall, EU rules improved, but implementation weaknesses existed and data was insufficient to measure results. While the European Maritime Safety Agency...

Maritime transport plays an essential role in the European Union (EU) economy. It enables trade and contacts between all European nations. It ensures the security of supply of energy, food and commodities and provides the main vehicle for European imports and exports to the rest of the world....

The EU's ambition is zero water pollution by 2030. In view of this, we assessed EU actions to address ship-source seawater pollution. Overall, EU rules improved, but implementation weaknesses existed and data was insufficient to measure results. While the European Maritime Safety Agency...

This report presents the main outcomes from the Commission's assessment of the second programmes of measures, which all Member States had to report by 31 March 2022. These programmes are an update since the first implementation cycle and take account of the latest assessment of the state of...

This report presents the main outcomes from the Commission's assessment of the second programmes of measures, which all Member States had to report by 31 March 2022. These programmes are an update since the first implementation cycle and take account of the latest assessment of the state of...

The transition from sail to steam for emigrant ships on the route to Australia took place in the early 1880s, nearly two decades later than on the route across the Atlantic. The lag can be accounted for by the incremental improvement in steam technology and by aspects of economic and business...

This explanatory empirical study aims to investigate the relationship and contribution of the prevailing trends and factors within the shipping industry related to the maritime communications and technology market. It is widely acknowledged that the maritime industry is currently experiencing a...

The use of low-carbon ammonia as a maritime fuel offers a potential for decarbonising the shipping sector. However, realising this potential depends on overcoming a number of complex financial, technical, and regulatory challenges. Foremost among these are the economic barriers associated with...

This second edition of the European Maritime Transport Environmental Report (EMTER 2025) examines the progress made towards achieving Europe's decarbonisation targets and environmental goals for the maritime sector while indicating the most important trends, key challenges, and opportunities....

The Gulf of Guinea (GoG) spans over 6 000 km of coastline and 19 states. The region is rich in natural resources: it holds significant reserves of gas (2.7% of total world reserves) and oil (4.5%), as well as other valuable minerals including diamonds, tin, bauxite, manganese and cobalt. While...

The Gulf of Guinea (GoG) spans over 6 000 km of coastline and 19 states. The region is rich in natural resources: it holds significant reserves of gas (2.7% of total world reserves) and oil (4.5%), as well as other valuable minerals including diamonds, tin, bauxite, manganese and cobalt. While...

The international shipping sector is a vital part of the global trading system but also a large emitter of carbon dioxide emissions. In the absence of a multilateral carbon policy for the shipping sector, different countries are starting to impose unilateral measures to decarbonize maritime...

By providing a working definition of an expatriate colonial business, this article examines the role of the Woermann group's integration into and support of colonialism through trade, plantations, and logistics. Focusing on its activities in Cameroon and the pivotal role of the Woermann Linie...

This study explores gender perceptions and equity challenges within the maritime cruise industry, focusing specifically on crew experiences aboard European Union-flagged vessels. The research aims to evaluate the extent to which gender diversity, equality, and inclusion are perceived, practiced,...

We examine the rise of dark shipping – oil tankers disabling AIS transceivers to evade detection – amid Western sanctions on Iran, Syria, North Korea, Venezuela, and Russia. Using a machine learning-based ship clustering model, we track dark-shipped crude oil trade flows worldwide and detect...

This research examines the factors that influence the safety climate in the maritime industry, focusing on employee competence, use of safety equipment, and safety training in Indonesian shipping companies. The research proposes that variations in ship operations contribute to different levels...

We examine how trade and policy uncertainty affect shipping freight rates, using a Bayesian Vector Autoregression (BVAR) model. Trade uncertainty has a strong effect on shipping costs, even though the effects become insignificant within a year. On the other hand, policy uncertainty has a...

Maritime transport fulfils an important role for the EU economy by representing three quarters of the EU external trade and around one third of the intra-EU movement of goods. Short-sea shipping is responsible for around 60% of the goods transported by sea and represents an integral part of the...

This is the annex to the final report for the 'Study on short-sea shipping's contribution to the European transport network and the means to support and revitalise the sector'. The annex includes the full version of the five case studies on the development of short-sea shipping (SSS) in...