We develop a strategy to measure the economic costs of poorly written laws, a potential threat to the rule of law. Using the full corpus of Italian legislation, we show that legal uncertainty - measured by the probability of disagreement between the Supreme Court of Cassation and lower courts -...

The new loss and damage funding framework under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) emphasises the importance of channelling support through national systems and mechanisms. This approach could prove particularly challenging for African least developed ountries...

This paper shows that even moderate air pollution levels, such as those in Europe, harm the economy by reducing firm performance. Using monthly firm-level data from France, we estimate the causal impact of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on sales and worker absenteeism. Leveraging exogenous...

We introduce the first comprehensive publicly available dataset on county-level damages, injuries, and fatalities from natural disasters in the U.S. and present a few facts on the economic and human costs of extreme climate events. Our source is the National Oceanic and Atmospheric...

Understanding the economic costs attributable to unhealthy diets is essential for advocating health and agrifood investments in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) experiencing nutrition transitions. These costs encompass direct and hidden expenses, including absenteeism, presenteeism, and...

Environmental legislation, when implemented and enforced, will deliver improvements for environmental health, human health, and society and the economy more broadly. Where relevant legislation is not implemented as planned and targets are not met, such benefits are foregone. This study has...

Environmental legislation, when implemented and enforced, will deliver improvements for environmental health, human health, and society and the economy more broadly. Where relevant legislation is not implemented as planned and targets are not met, such benefits are foregone. This study has...

Most disaster risk assessments use damages to physical assets as their central metric, often neglecting distributional impacts and the coping and recovery capacity of affected people. To address this shortcoming, the concepts of well-being losses and socio-economic resilience-the ability to...

We develop a strategy to measure the economic costs of poorly written laws, a potential threat to the rule of law. Using the full corpus of Italian legislation, we show that legal uncertainty - measured by the probability of disagreement between the Supreme Court of Cassation and lower courts -...

This paper uses results from leading biophysical models in an established macro-economic modeling framework to offer insights on potential economic consequences of climate change in Asia and the Pacific. The analysis covers shocks in agriculture, fisheries, forestry, energy demand, capital (from...

How do financial markets respond to anticipated climate-driven wildfire risk? Using high-resolution meteorological forecasts, land use data, and U.S. municipal bond spreads, we find that municipalities facing greater future wildfire exposure already incur higher borrowing costs: A one standard...

We study occupational stress, from its initial symptoms to permanent productivity loss, using Swedish administrative data. Stress symptoms emerge and steadily intensify over a year, culminating in a tipping point of burnout. High-stress occupations do not see higher burnout rates among...

As climate changes and natural disasters intensify, the threat of human displacement increases. This paper studies carbon taxation in the presence of international climate displacement. After providing evidence on the migration response to disasters, forced climate migration is introduced into a...

Using surveys of households across thirteen countries, we study how much individuals would be willing to pay to eliminate business cycles. These direct estimates are much higher than traditional measures following Lucas (2003): on average, households would be prepared to sacrifice around 5-6% of...

We implement Pigovian transport pricing in a field experiment in urban agglomerations of Switzerland over the course of 8 weeks. Our pricing considers the external costs from climate damages, health outcomes from pollution, accidents and physical activity, and congestion. It varies across time,...

Beyond its environmental damage, climate change is predicted to produce significant economic costs. Combining novel high-frequency geospatial temperature data from satellites with measures of economic activity for the universe of US listed firms, this article examines a potentially important...

Climate change and its two-way relation with economic activity is stochastic and so is therefore the optimal tax internalizing the climate externality. But with capital irreversibility a stochastic time path for carbon prices slows down the reallocation from brown to green sectors because...

This paper presents updated and newly derived estimates using various impact models, including biophysical and econometric models, to evaluate the direct economic costs of climate change in Ireland. The estimates are completed for five climate impacts: sea level rise, heat effects on labour...

We explore the welfare costs of inflation originating from lack of liquidity satiation for Weimar Republic's hyperinflation and three high-inflation countries. Towards the peak of Weimar's hyperinflation the costs are estimated to have been equal to nearly 20 per cent of income. For Israel,...

Background Fibromyalgia is a chronic rheumatic disease of unknown aetiology, highly disabling and mainly affecting women. The aim of our work is to estimate, on a national scale, the economic impact of this disease on the employment of patients and non‑professional (informal) care dimension....

Objective To estimate the economic impact for the society, generated as a consequence of the onset of loss of vision and irreversible legal blindness, for the main ophthalmologic diseases in Spain: glaucoma, diabetic retinopa- thy (DR), diabetic macular edema (DME), age-related macular...

Background & aim Hepatitis B is globally recognized as a major public health problem that imposes a huge economic burden on society. China is a major country with hepatitis B infection; however, an updated overview of the economic burden of hepatitis B and related diseases in China has not been...

Companies in various industries are under growing pressure to assess the costs of decarbonizing their operations. This paper develops a generic abatement cost concept to identify the cost-efficient combination of technological and operational changes firms would need to implement to drastically...

The DIONE cost model is used to assess the costs and benefits of European Union road vehicle CO2 standards, from the perspective of vehicle users, vehicle producers, and the society. The model has been developed and employed at the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) since 2014,...

In sub-Saharan African countries, firms are suffering from frequent, long-lasting and random power outage, which makes planning and production activities difficult. Thus, understanding a firm's cost associated with unreliable power supply is crucial for policymakers and potential investors in...

We critically assess an almost universal Benefit-Cost Analysis (BCA) practice. In addition to the central Net Present Value (NPV), analysts frequently also report multiple additional values in what is commonly referred to as ‘NPV sensitivity analysis’. This practice is generally justified...