Die demokratische Revolution in der DDR und die anschließende politische, wirtschaftliche und gesellschaftliche Transformation stellten die Menschen in Ostdeutschland vor zahlreiche Herausforderungen, die bis heute nachwirken. Die Beiträger*innen nehmen die Bereiche Landwirtschaft, Bahn und...

The new Routledge History of Poverty, c. 1450-1800 provides neither a "history" nor a coherent concept of "poverty" and rests on an inappropriate time scale. However, a closer discussion of these flaws enables a more consistent perspective, based on the idea that the interplay of "labour" and...

This short article introduces the German Cliometrics Database as the foundation for an article by Jopp and Spoerer (2024) who trace cliometric research on German history. This newly constructed database of every publication that (1) contributes to the historiography of Germany and (2) employs,...

Chapter 1. Tourism and Catholic Pilgrimages -- Chapter 2. Economic Development, the Catholic Church, and Tourism in Late Modern and Contemporary Italy -- Chapter 3. The Foundations of Modern Italian Pilgrimages, 1870–1950 -- Chapter 4. The Holy Land: Journey to the Roots, 1870–1939 --...

"This book examines the creation of extreme poverty in East Europe, focusing on Romanian Roma, through a comparative historical perspective on its roots and the socio-economic and political mechanisms that have shaped it in labor, housing, and migration. This interdisciplinary book explores the...

The 1850s witnessed one of the earliest American history. During the decade the proportion of individuals receiving public assistance -- increased from 5.8 in 1850 to 10.2 in 1860, an increase of 76 percent. Previous attempts to explain the increase in antebellum pauperism have been hampered by...

The establishment of Christianity in the late- and post-Roman world caused an economic as well as a religious revolution, but, while a great deal of attention has been paid to the religious developments of the period, the impact of the establishment of the Church on the economy has attracted...

The safety nets in high-income countries before 1900 and in low-income countries today were based on savings and aid from extended family, friends, charities, churches, and small amounts from local governments. Mutual societies and eventually insurance companies offered insurance against lost...

The main goal of this paper to reconstructing the Administrative and Socio-Economic History of Wombärma district during the Darg regime of Ethiopia. That means the study courses the period from 1974 till the downfall of military government in 1991, in which the people of Wombärma district,...

"Bildung" ist ein zentraler und schillernder Begriff der Gegenwart. Mit ihr werden hohe Ziele von gesellschaftlicher Emanzipation verknüpft und sie soll entscheidend dazu beitragen, soziale Ungleichheiten zu beseitigen. Zugleich stellt sie eine wichtige ökonomische Ressource dar und schafft...

Is inequality largely the result of the Industrial Revolution? Or, were pre-industrial incomes and life expectancies as unequal as they are today? For want of sufficient data, these questions have not yet been answered. This paper infers inequality for 14 ancient, pre-industrial societies using...

Utilising a variety of contemporary commercial, diplomatic and judiciary sources, Grimshaw traces and analyses how England and Sweden forged the most pivotal commercial relationship of the seventeenth century

1. Empirical Trends of Human Mobility—Ancient to Modern Periods -- 2. Cross-Border Labor Mobility— Cross-Disciplinary Theoretical Expositions -- 3. Slavery in the New World—the Saga of the Amerindians -- 4. Slavery in the New World—the Saga of Black Africans -- 5. Indentured...

Der seit dem 16. Jahrhundert in der deutschen Sprache gebräuchliche Krisenbegriff erstreckte sich bis ins 18. Jahrhundert ausschließlich auf den Fachbereich der Medizin. Danach wanderte er langsam in die Alltagssprache und bezeichnete Entscheidungssituationen oder Höhepunkte gefährlicher...

This book examines the history of women s labour struggles in Central and Eastern Europe and beyond from a long-term and transregional perspective. The contributions collected here address various social movements, an array of agendas and repertoires of activism, as well as political alliances...

This book is a detailed account of the provincial population of China and its changes from 1368 to 1953. The maps and databases show the number, density, and proportion of urban population in different time periods

This book examines women’s work activism in Central and Eastern Europe and transnationally within and across different historical periods, political regimes, and scales of activism. The authors explore the wide range of forums in which women sought to advocate for their gender and labour...

"Starting in the mid-19th Century, public officials, reformers, journalists, and other elites often referred to “the labor question” or “the labor problem”. The labor question was rooted in the system of wage labor that spread throughout much of Europe and its colonies and produced...

This book aims to shed new light on the puzzle of the late Soviet conversion to the “market” and capitalism by revisiting the history of Soviet reform economics. Using a variety of sources, including interviews with economists, archival files, and published materials, it examines the social...

Paula Thiede war die erste Frau, die die Leitung einer Gewerkschaft übernahm. Möglich wurde dies durch die Handlungsmacht der gut organisierten Hilfsarbeiterinnen im Druckgewerbe. Gemeinsam mit solidarischen Kollegen entwickelten sie Strategien, um die Anliegen von Gleichberechtigung und...

I examine the effects of an unearned income transfer on the retirement rates and living arrangements of a very poor population by studying the effects of pensions on the decisions of black Union Army veterans. I find that blacks were 2 to 5 times as responsive as whites to income transfers in...