We conduct a large-scale randomized controlled trial to examine the effects of time- and location-specific, distance-based road pricing on travel behavior and driving externalities. Using financial incentives and a smartphone app that automatically tracks participants' travel behavior across...

We implement Pigovian transport pricing in a field experiment in urban agglomerations of Switzerland over the course of 8 weeks. Our pricing considers the external costs from climate damages, health outcomes from pollution, accidents and physical activity, and congestion. It varies across time,...

Although there is ample empirical evidence that congestion charges can effectively reduce traffic congestion and its detrimental effects, this instrument has only been implemented in a handful European cities. On the basis of a randomized information experiment that was embedded in a survey...

Predicting freeway traffic states is, so far, based on predicting speeds or traffic volumes with various methodological approaches ranging from statistical modeling to deep learning. Traffic on freeways, however, follows specific patterns in space-time, such as stop-and-go waves or mega jams....

Battery electric trucks (BETs) are the most promising option for fast and large-scale CO2 emission reduction in road freight transport. Yet, the limited range and longer charging times compared to diesel trucks make long-haul BET applications challenging, so a comprehensive fast charging network...

Purpose This paper seeks to evaluate the factors that contribute to congestion at port entrances, propose a comprehensive approach to managing port gates that addresses the factors causing traffic jams and assess the outcomes of resolving the issue through an optimal model for incoming container...

The document is structured into five chapters. Chapter 2 provides a comprehensive overview of the theoretical framework surrounding road pricing. It outlines the fundamental principles and characteristics of road pricing, while exploring the relationship between social equity and road pricing....

We analyse time-varying tolling in the stochastic bottleneck model with price-sensitive demand and uncertain capacity. We find that price sensitivity and its interplay with uncertainty have important implications for the effects of tolling on travel costs, welfare and consumers. We evaluate...

We provide a framework for setting congestion charges that reflect emission and congestion externalities and policy responses, such as vehicle ownership, driving, and residential sorting. Using Swedish administrative microdata, we identify these responses by exploiting a temporary exemption for...

We implement Pigovian transport pricing in a field experiment in urban agglomerations of Switzerland over the course of 8 weeks. The pricing considers external costs from climate damages, health outcomes and congestion and varies across time, space and mode of transport. The treatment reduces...

This paper explores how the interaction between human-driven vehicles (HVs) cruising for parking and autonomous vehicles (AVs) traveling back and forth affects travel behavior and congestion. To capture the spatial distribution of parking, we develop a continuous spatial optimization model, with...

We study how preference heterogeneity affects travel behavior and congestion pricing in a dynamic flow congestion model. We formulate and solve a multi-point optimal control problem using a Hamiltonian-based method to derive the social optimum. The properties of the travel equilibrium are...

During the COVID-19 pandemic, governments in the euro area sharply increased spending while the European Central Bank eased financing conditions. We use this episode to assess how such a concerted monetary-fiscal stimulus redistributes welfare between various age cohorts. Our assessment involves...

This study investigates airport congestion pricing and capacity investment with cost recovery consideration. Two countries’ airports are interlinked and served by each country’s home carrier. Our global welfare maximization shows that when per-passenger subsidies are not feasible under...

I study the effects of London England’s Congestion Charge on regional traffic, commuting, and economic activity’s spatial distribution. In 2003, London began tolling drivers to enter its central business district on workdays and this policy immediately reduced downtown traffic. I measure...

The development of toll roads provides a number of improved services to the road users, connectivity, and their existence can promote the equitable development of a region. The use of toll roads has a variety of impacts on economic issues. The quality of pavement gradually declines along with...

This paper uses a novel GPS-coded dataset for more than three million car trips in the four largest German cities to measure the efficiency losses from using uniform fuel taxes as a second-best optimal tax to reduce traffic congestion. We estimate the short-run price elasticity of...

Given a capacity function, an increase in demand will lead to a higher equilibrium price. Some economists take the capacity equilibrium for congestion. This paper corrects such an understanding and shows that congestion should only mean excess demand. The correct understanding should lead to...

The only significant road pricing scheme in the UK is that introduced by Ken Livingstone in London. But the technology now exists to develop a nationwide scheme of road user charging, with prices to road users varying with the level of congestion in a given area at a given time. The only...

The pricing of public transportation is a frequently debated subject, and a notable current trend is leaning towards flat-rate pricing. In the previous year, Germany introduced a flat-rate ticket, enabling individuals to access public transportation across the entire country for just 9 euros per...

Commodity windfalls and private consumption have sustained Indonesia's growth despite a difficult global environment, but signs of normalizing domestic demand are emerging. Inflation is easing at a faster pace than markets anticipated. Indonesia's external vulnerabilities remain moderate. The...

Ghana's economy entered a full-blown crisis in 2022, after having rebounded from the COVID-19 slowdown in 2021. In response to the macroeconomic challenges, the authorities enacted some fiscal adjustment in 2022 but fell short of their consolidation targets; the 2023Q1 fiscal deficit (cash) was...

Having effective and efficient financing is one of the most critical steps in accelerating public infrastructure development, including toll roads. This study aims to identify critical success factors (CSFs) for implementing toll infrastructure financing in Indonesia. Thirty-three CSFs have been...

Ride-hailing applications create new challenges for governments providing transit services, but also create new opportunities to raise tax revenue. To shed light on the effect of taxing or subsidizing ride-hailing applications, we extend a pseudo-monocentric city model to include multiple...

"The Human Toll fills a gap in the historical record by documenting how the thirteen colonies that later became the United States of America deployed the power of taxation to support, promote, and perpetuate the institution of slavery."

One major source of domestic revenue mobilization is the collection of road tolls; however, the ministry of Road and highways directed the discontinuation of road tolls following the announcement by the ministry of finance to scrap tolls on all public roads. According to the finance ministry,...

This study investigates the impact of economic incentives on travel-related physical activity, leveraging the London Congestion Charge's disincentivising of sedentary travel modes via increasing the cost of private car use within Central London. The scheme imposes charges on most types of cars...

Through interactions with their parents, children develop the basic foundations for skills that play a direct role in their adulthood economic well-being. What are the consequences of disruptions to family structure and parental absence on a child's long-run success? This paper provides...

In April 2022, in the Boechler case, the Supreme Court considered the nature of the statutory deadline for filing petitions to obtain Tax Court review in collection due process (“CDP”) cases. The Court held that the statutorily prescribed 30-day filing period is not jurisdictional and is...

Individuals have an increased incentive to invest when they know that they can sell their investments whenever they need funds. However, such an increase in investments reduces the returns by exacerbating the negative externalities individuals impose on each other whenever they invest. As a...

Highway construction occurs nowadays mainly through widening of existing roads rather than building new roads. This paper documents that highway widenings considerably reduce congestion in the short run, defined here as 6 years. Using longitudinal microdata from highway detector loops in the...

This briefing provides an overview of pricing instruments on road transport CO2 emissions. It presents the current use of these instruments in the EU, the main EU legal framework in this field including the expected developments, and the impacts these instruments may have on the road transport...

A.A. Walters derived a traffic flow function, and advocated toll to cure congestion. He wanted to save lives and monies, time is money, in congestion. NYC and Hong Kong have been practicing his policy for years, but surviving drivers are still tortured by congestion. Walters’ intention is...