Scenarios and pathways, as defined and used in the "SSP-RCP scenario framework", are key in last decade's climate change research and in the latest report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). In this framework, Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP) consist of a limited set of...

We develop a novel stress testing framework to quantify the risks to the German banking sector from the green transition. Our methodology combines a macro-level and a micro-level approach to calculate scenario-dependent probabilities of default and losses. The macro approach leverages...

Digital money and digital payments innovations have the potential for improving cross-border payments by reducing costs, enhancing speed, and improving transparency. This note performs an empirical analysis of the potential impact of digital money on the volume and transaction costs of...

The Technical Assistance (TA) mission, conducted in Victoria, Seychelles, from May 2 to 17, 2023, assisted authorities with macroprudential stress testing and climate risk analysis. The stress testing focused on strengthening the solvency and liquidity frameworks: (i) for solvency, considering...

Scenarios and pathways, as defined and used in the "SSP-RCP scenario framework", are key in last decade's climate change research and in the latest report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). In this framework, Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP) consist of a limited set of...

Various stakeholders are increasingly encouraging companies from the real economy to adopt measures facilitating their transition towards carbon neutrality. In this context, companies are expected to implement forward-looking strategies and climate-related reporting practices using scenario...

Ziel des Projektes war die Analyse der makroökonomischen Effekte unterschiedlicher Szenarien auf der Grundlage der langfristigen Gaslieferverträge von Österreich mit Russland. Die makroökonomischen Effekte der einzelnen Szenarien wurden mit dem WIFO-Modell ADAGIO (A DynAmic Global Input...

Scenario analysis is a well-established management tool for developing and executing organizational strategy. While stress testing (a form of scenario analysis) has been used for policy-making and benchmarking in the banking sector, climate-related scenario analysis is a more recent development....

This study uses prefecture-level city statistical data from China from 2000-2022 to measure the supply and demand of livestock manure nitrogen nutrients and calculates farmland livestock carrying capacity using the nitrogen nutrient balance method. We investigate nitrogen supply and demand and...

Bio-based fertilizers (BBFs) can be a solution for converting agricultural waste into new products useful for increasing organic matter in the soil, thus reducing the consumption of mineral fertilizers. This can contribute to the ecological transition launched by the European Commission for the...

This study examines the impacts of enhancing technology progress in clean energy technologies on the global energy system and economy. The analysis focuses on eight thematic technology groups, including wind, solar, batteries, hydrogen and fuel cells, carbon capture, direct air capture and...

Space holds promise for both economic prosperity and the attainment of strategic goals. The EU's future role in space is contingent on fast-changing geopolitical dynamics, which can range from peaceful cooperation to heightened competition or conflict among global powers. Given the importance of...

Over the past few decades, there has been significant development in actions aimed at global energy transition, with the goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The energy sector plays a significant role in this endeavor, contributing 76% of the world's total emissions. Considering...

The main goal of this study is to document the Non-Utopian Unreal Scenarios -or NUUS- and to propose a mathematical approach, presenting them as a strategic tool that seeks to contribute to decision-making processes in various fields, in addition to those already existing, such as, for example,...

Background: A societal shift in attitudes is going to be required to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the field of transportation, which is crucial to the level of mitigation that can be achieved. There is increasing pressure on policymakers to address climate change and, in turn, to promote...

Reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the transport sector is among the hardest challenges in transforming energy systems to zero emissions. Transport energy demands are driven by an interplay of social behavioral, technical factors, political decisions and economic conditions, motivating...

Aligned with the war in Ukraine, Russia has significantly withheld natural gas exports to Europe since 2021. As there are no EU-wide sanctions on imports of Russian natural gas, the Ukraine transit as well as imports via Turkey and LNG have remained active during 2022-24. However, the...

Die Studie analysiert die potenziellen wirtschaftlichen Auswirkungen verschiedener handelspolitischer Szenarien zwischen der Schweiz und den USA. Die USA sind nach der Europäischen Union der wichtigste Handelspartner der Schweiz, der auch mittelfristig hohe Wachstumsaussichten bietet. Mithilfe...

Energy-related carbon emissions from the transportation sector are one of the major obstacles to achieving global carbon reduction targets. Current research on transportation energy mainly focuses on the energy end-use stage, with a lack of simulations covering both the front-end and end-use...

In October 2022, the European Commission ('the Commission') updated the common statistical classification of economic activities in the European Union (NACE). This took place by means of Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023/137 (the 'NACE Rev. 2.1 Delegated Act'), which established NACE...

Commercializing technologies from universities is often hindered by insufficient resources, prolonged development cycles, and limited industry engagement. A Technology Transfer Office (TTO) typically supports these efforts, yet many initiatives still fail without an effective strategy. This...

Investors' return expectations are pivotal in stock markets, but the reasoning behind these expectations remains a black box for economists. This paper sheds light on economic agents' mental models - their subjective understanding - of the stock market, drawing on surveys with the US general...

Deutschland liegt bei der Digitalisierung im Ländervergleich mit Dänemark, den Niederlanden und Schweden um mehrere Jahre zurück. Insbesondere fehlt ein System für sichere elektronische Kommunikation, das allen Bürgerinnen und Bürgern offensteht, sowie an breit akzeptierten Lösungen für...

This report provides estimates of structural (demographic) housing demand at a regional level. Any assessment of structural future housing demand relies on assumptions around (1) population growth, (2) headship rates (the typical household size) and (3) rates of obsolescence of the housing...

Russia's invasion of Ukraine has reaffirmed the importance of scaling up renewable energy to decarbonise Europe's economy while rapidly reducing its exposure to foreign fossil fuel suppliers. Therefore, the question of sources of flexibility to support a fully decarbonised European energy system...