Over the past two decades, technological advances have facilitated an increasing international fragmentation of production processes. The academic literature has proposed several explanatory paradigms for this new form of trade. Some of these follow the lines of comparative advantage, while...

The original intention behind the ‘Doha Round’ of the World Trade Organization (WTO) was to promote the integration of developing countries into the world trading system. The collapse of the round in 2008 led to pessimism over whether the pursuit of such a ‘development-based’ agenda is...

A new generation of preferential trade agreements (PTAs) is in the making: larger and deeper than most that have been signed earlier. Their focus has moved away from the elimination of tariffs to regulatory cooperation and a WTO-Plus agenda. At the same time, theoretical and empirical modelling...