Human societies have always depended on the use of energy but the dominant forms of primary energy have changed over time. Especially the 20th century witnessed dramatic energy transitions. Coal, as the major energy resource in the first two thirds of the century, was increasingly replaced by...

The United Nations declared 2012 the International Year of Co-operatives. As a consequence, in European business history, too, co-operatives attracted considerable attention. In the wake of an increasing interest in the history of consumption and in the mediating actors between consumers and...

This conference aims at convening economic and political historians to discuss the driving forces, debates and practices of structural policy in Western Europe and the United States since the 1960s. It seeks to address the range of reactions within the "varieties of capitalism" to challenges...

The conference will focus on: --Processes of decision-making on economic policy in connection with integration in the west and in the east; --The economic consequences of integration in the east and the west; --The reaction of business to economic integration and the role of business in the...