The financial crisis and the European debt crisis in the euro have increased the interest in the early detection of financial constraints, as credit crunches affect investment decisions of firms and saving decisions of households. Economic tendency surveys and surveys in general are one...

The great recession, the crisis in the euro area and various (geo-) political tensions have increased the interest in the effects of uncertainty on economic cycles. How can uncertainty be measured? How does it affect the plans and decisions of businesses and consumers? Especially investment and...