Cross-border old-age, survivors' and invalidity pension : reference year 2023

To facilitate transnational mobility of persons of all ages, well-designed transnational social security rights are a prerequisite. For instance, EU citizens would be reluctant to move from one Member State to another if they were to lose their pension rights already acquired or if the pension was subject to any reduction or amendment. Thanks to the rules set out at EU level by Regulations (EC) Nos 883/2004 and 987/2009 (i.e., the 'Coordination Regulations') this is not the case. It can be expected that the evolution of the export of pensions is highly dependent on 1) the evolution of intra-EU labour mobility, mainly of employed EU-movers (who return to their country of origin) and frontier workers and 2) the evolution of pensioners moving to a EU/EFTA country other than their country of origin.