25th Florence Rail Forum : evaluating the Recast Directive

The Recast Directive opens the single European railway area to competition. Competition is gradually emerging across the EU but there are obvious asymmetries among Member States, in particular in the commercial passenger sector, which includes high-speed services (see RMMS 2023, Figure 79). While some markets have vibrant competition in high-speed services, others have competition for the market in public service obligation services, yet in some markets no significant evolution has taken place.