9. Control variables: use, misuse, and recommended use

The purpose of this chapter is to draw attention to the issue of control variables in non-experimental entrepreneurship research and to enhance the appropriate use of control variables in future entrepreneurship research. By drawing attention to the issue of control variables, their use, misuse, and recommended use, we are confident that entrepreneurship researchers will seek to reduce, or even eliminate, the problematic issues surrounding the current use of control variables to improve future entrepreneurship research. Such improvements will help advance the field of entrepreneurship since greater confidence in research findings will be gained from the more appropriate use of control variables.