A decision support model for assessing and prioritization of Industry 5.0 cybersecurity challenges

The world is adopting the Industry 5.0 paradigm to increase human centricity, sustainability, and resilience in efficient, optimized, and profitable manufacturing systems. With benefits, however, come increased risks of economic and physical loss, driving the need for continuous improvement of Industry 5.0 cybersecurity. Implementation and advancement of adequate cybersecurity have created challenges that have been identified in the literature. In this study, key Industry 5.0 cybersecurity challenges and related sub-challenges are highlighted based on a literature review. Graph Theory and Matrix Approach (GTMA) is employed to analyze the challenges and determine relative importance based on permanent values of the variable permanent matrix (VPM). The results identify the most important Industry 5.0 cybersecurity challenges and reveal Industry 5.0 firms should primarily concentrate on supply chain vulnerabilities to decrease data loss and hacking in the organization's supply chain network. This study also recommends that executives and lawmakers acquire knowledge regarding cybersecurity challenges and prepare to deal with them. Addressing these and other subsequently prioritized challenges-the top five rounded out with emergent cybersecurity trends, non-availability of cybersecurity curriculum in education, embedded technical constraints, and absence of skilled employees and training-will lead the methodical development of holistic, robust cybersecurity programs. Firms accepting of this reality may implement such programs to mitigate evolving cyber-risk towards harnessing and sustaining the benefits of novel Industry 5.0 technologies.