A perspective on broad deployment of hydrogen-fueled vehicles for ground freight transportation with a comparison to electric vehicles

The pressing global challenge of climate change necessitates a concerted effort to limit greenhouse gas emissions, particularly carbon dioxide. A critical pathway is to replace fossil fuel sources by electrification, including transportation. While electrification of light-duty vehicles is rapidly expanding, the heavy-duty vehicle sector is subject to challenges, notably the logistical drawbacks of the size and weight of high-capacity batteries required for range, as well as the time for battery charging. This Perspective highlights the potential of hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles as a viable alternative for heavy-duty road transportation. We evaluate the implications of hydrogen integration into the freight economy, energy dynamics, and CO2 mitigation, and envision a roadmap for a holistic energy transition. Our critical opinion presented in this Perspective is that federal incentives to produce hydrogen could foster growth in the nascent hydrogen economy. The pathway that we propose is that initial focus on operators of large fleets that could control their own fueling infrastructure. This opinion was formed from private discussions with numerous stakeholders during the formation of one of the awarded hydrogen hubs if they focus on early adopters that could leverage the hydrogen supply chain.