Access to livelihood assets and vulnerability to lower levels of well-being in Kakuma Refugee Camp, Kenya

This paper investigates the role that access to livelihood assets plays in reducing vulnerability to lower levels of well-being, especially for camp-based refugees. We develop the multidimensional vulnerability index using the 2019 Kakuma socioeconomic survey to provide a comprehensive and holistic approach to measuring vulnerability. The fractional regression results suggest that the household head's age and education level determine the vulnerability of refugees to lower levels of well-being. In addition, access to finance and employment substantially reduces refugees' vulnerability. Although remittances from abroad are a prevalent source of finance among refugees, we find that remittances from abroad only lessen the prevalence of vulnerability by 1.1%. Therefore, we recommend camp refugees adopt more self-reliant ways of accessing sustainable finance. The multidimensional vulnerability index reveals a high level of food insecurity in camps caused by the influx of refugees over the years. We recommend the inclusion of refugees in farming and training on climate change to provide sustainable solutions around food security to them and the host community.