Analyzing risk factors in ship-to-ship liquefied natural gas bunkering operations

This study evaluates the risk factors during ship-to-ship liquefied natural gas bunkering in South Korea using the consistent fuzzy preference relations method. The study showed that the detailed factor "The operator's inability to recognize the operational condition, system status, or measuring instrument status" was ranked first with 0.112, alluding to the human error principal factor. "Control equipment malfunction (0.073)" and "Operation of the Emergency Shut-Down (ESD) System (0.071)" ranked in second and third place, respectively. Based on this study's industrial implications, expert opinions were integrated to prioritize risk factors, enabling industrial managers to proactively prepare.