Beyond the Gap : How Countries Can Afford the Infrastructure They Need While Protecting the Planet

Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Key Messages -- About the Contributors -- Abbreviations -- Overview -- Key Messages -- Introduction -- How Much New Infrastructure Is Needed? -- Scenario Approaches Allow for Informed Policy Making -- Operations and Maintenance Play a Major Role in Costs -- In Sum -- Notes -- References -- 1 Making Infrastructure Needs Assessments Useful and Relevant -- Key Messages -- Introduction -- Why Is Estimating Infrastructure Needs So Difficult? -- A Framework to Make Infrastructure Investment Needs Assessments Useful -- In Sum -- Notes -- References -- 2 Water, Sanitation, and Irrigation -- Key Messages -- Introduction -- Water and Sanitation: MDG or SDG Makes All the Difference -- Irrigation: A Question of How Much to Expand -- In Sum -- Notes -- References -- 3 Power -- Key Messages -- Introduction -- Universal Access Costs Are Driven by Policy Choices regarding the Strategy to Increase Access -- Factoring Climate Change into Investment Needs Estimates -- South America: Bringing Climate and Demand Constraints Together -- In Sum -- Notes -- References -- 4 Transport -- Key Messages -- Introduction -- Rural Accessibility -- Urban Transport -- Global Transport Needs -- In Sum -- Annex 4A: Transport Investment Can Have Positive Impacts on Welfare but Hide Negative Impacts for Some Actors and for the Environment -- Notes -- References -- 5 Flood Protection -- Key Messages -- Introduction -- Costing Coastal and River Flood Protection Strategies -- Future Investment Costs Depend on Construction Costs and Risk Aversion -- How Different Regions Fare Depends on the Protection Strategy -- Protection Strategies Should Budget for Long-Term Maintenance Expenses -- In Sum -- Notes -- References -- 6 Infrastructure and Disruptive Technologies -- Key Messages -- Introduction