Bridging divides : tackling technological change, inequality, and digital illiteracy in a fragmented South Africa

South Africa's social and political history has significantly influenced its digital journey. During the apartheid era, policies created deep inequalities in infrastructure development, leaving urban areas with better connectivity while rural areas remain underserved. Current initiatives, such as the SA Connect programme, aim to address these disparities by expanding internet access. However, progress has been slow due to funding shortages, implementation delays, and regulatory challenges. Despite these obstacles, community-driven projects highlight that bridging the digital divide is achievable with the right commitment and investment. To accelerate its digital transformation, South Africa can draw valuable insights from international examples, particularly India's Digital India programme. India's success in leveraging publicprivate partnerships, adopting innovative technologies like mesh networks, and empowering communities through digital literacy programmes offers crucial lessons. Mobile-first solutions, community involvement, and scalable infrastructure have made digital growth in India more affordable and inclusive. By adopting similar approaches, South Africa can close the digital gap, empower underserved communities, and position itself as a leader in Africa's digital transformation.