China’s Smart Port Initiative in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area

This study investigates smart port development within the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA), a key project under China’s expansive Belt and Road Initiative. This development is of paramount importance as it addresses the pressing need to modernize port infrastructure, thereby enhancing water transport efficiency and sustainability. Furthermore, it aims to bridge gaps in technology integration and policy implementation in the region, thereby contributing to overall economic growth and trade efficiency. The methodology employed in this research is comprehensive and robust. This study undertakes an in-depth review of policy documents, technological advancements, and case studies on smart ports across countries. Key data sources include the 14th Five-Year Plan, the GBA Development Plan, and specific Nansha Port District Phase 4 Terminal developments. Data analysis techniques are focused on evaluating the impact of Industry 4.0 technologies such as the Internet of Things, big data, artificial intelligence, and 5G on port operations. The findings of this research are promising, indicating remarkable progress in GBA’s port modernization. Successful cases of modernization, such as Tianjin’s 5G automated port, serve as beacons of hope. However, policy coordination and technology adoption in diverse ports is challenging. The study highlights the need for a unified strategy, i.e., a strategic move that can ensure seamless integration of smart technologies, thereby enhancing trade efficiency and spurring economic growth in the region