Classical and spatial cluster analysis of smuggling in Iranian provinces

Smuggling harms the economy and development of a country. Various statistical methods can be used to determine the geographical distribution of smuggling within a country. In this regard, clustering techniques (both classical and spatial analysis) have been used to present an overview of smuggling in Iranian provinces from 2009 to 2017. This dataset can be transformed into a country map using the ArcGIS and R software. In this study, classical and spatial statistical analysis and geographically weighted regression are used to detect some important geographical dimensions and critical geographical aspects of smuggling in Iran.