Clean Energy Technology Observatory, smart grids in the European union : status report on technology development, trends, value chains and markets : 2024

This annual CETO report provides an overview of technological trends and market issues on selected topics regarding the electricity grid and the "smart grid of the future". The analysis this year focuses on grid infrastructure, since the physical grid assets are increasingly being recognized as fundamental enablers of the smart grid transition and a potential source of criticalities for an effective and timely decarbonization of the energy system. It builds on the last year's assessment of High Voltage Direct-Current (HVDC) connections, and analyses Alternating-Current (AC) lines and cables, and power transformers. For each of these two topics, their current status is reported in terms of technology developments and trends, value chain analysis and global competitiveness