Climate change and monetary policy : risks, instruments, & chances

Rising inflation complicates the alignment of the ECB's policies with the Paris Agreement. This paper provides novel evidence for inflationary pressures arising from natural disasters. We then discuss the effectiveness of monetary instruments to boost a green transition, concluding that the scope of policy measures used thus far is limited. As additional measures, we advise active rebalancing of the ECB's bond holdings towards greener issuers, enforcing stricter disclosure standards, and differentiating lending facilities in favour of green investments. This document was provided by the Economic Governance and EMU Scrutiny Unit at the request of the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs (ECON) ahead of the Monetary Dialogue with the ECB President on 27 November 2023.